CAREER: First Principles Studies of Interfacial Phenomena: Applications to Catalysis and Electrochemistry

职业：界面现象的第一原理研究：在催化和电化学中的应用

• 批准号: 9876065
• 负责人: Perla Balbuena
• 金额: $ 31万
• 依托单位: University of South Carolina at Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9876065&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; First; Principles; Studies; Interfacial

Professor Perla Balbuena will develop molecular modeling methods to study the crystalline and interfacial structure and properties of metals, carbon-metal, alloys and electrolytes. The properties of particular interest are ionic diffusion coefficients, ionic conductivities, solvation structures, heats of adsorption and reaction. The outcome will impact chemical and electrochemical principles and applications. It will pertain mostly to industrial products such as adsorbents, catalysts, batteries, and fuel cells; the fundamental physicochemical phenomena involved in their utilization; and the applied processes derived from them. The first objective of the research is the modeling of Li intercalation in graphite. The expected result is prediction and validation of the dependence of open-circuit voltage and differential capacity with respect to composition, and the conditions for the transition from the super dense phase LiC2 to LiC6. The second objective is the determination of diffusion dynamics of Li and perchlorate ions, and of ion-pair association of Li perchlorate, in ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate electrolytes. Following that objective, the PI will investigate the mechanism of degradation of graphite electrodes, in particular the formation of a presumed Li2CO3 passivation layer. She will also model the intercalation of solvated species into graphite. The third objective is the study of methane cracking over Ni and Ni/Cu to produce hydrogen and carbon, and the related phenomenon of hydrogen storage in carbon. These investigations will involve the development of structural models, ab initio and semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations, for chemical and electrochemical systems of practical importance. The methodology to be developed will likely have impact in the training of chemical engineering students as well as the practice of process and product design. The PI is developing new introductory courses and modifying the existing ones to raise the engineering students' capability to predict microscopic properties from first principles.

Perla Balbuena教授将开发分子模拟方法来研究金属、碳-金属、合金和电解液的晶体和界面结构和性质。特别令人感兴趣的性质是离子扩散系数、离子电导率、溶剂化结构、吸附和反应热。这一结果将影响化学和电化学原理和应用。它将主要涉及工业产品，如吸附剂、催化剂、电池和燃料电池；涉及到它们的使用的基本物理化学现象；以及由它们衍生的应用过程。本研究的第一个目标是模拟锂在石墨中的嵌入。预期的结果是预测和验证开路电压和差动电容与组成的关系，以及从超密相LiC2向LiC6转变的条件。第二个目标是测定锂离子和高氯酸盐离子的扩散动力学，以及高氯酸锂在碳酸乙烯和碳酸亚丙酯电解液中的离子对缔合。根据这一目标，PI将研究石墨电极退化的机理，特别是假定的Li2CO3钝化层的形成。她还将模拟溶剂化物质嵌入石墨的过程。第三个目标是研究甲烷在镍和镍/铜催化剂上裂解制氢和碳，以及相关的碳储氢现象。这些研究将涉及发展具有实际意义的化学和电化学体系的结构模型，从头计算和半经验量子力学计算，以及分子动力学模拟。将要开发的方法论可能会对化学工程专业学生的培训以及工艺和产品设计的实践产生影响。PI正在开发新的入门课程，并对现有课程进行修改，以提高工科学生根据第一原理预测微观性质的能力。