GOALI: New Synthetic Methods, Intercalation Compounds and Composites of Graphite for Electrochemical and Structural Applications

9900390勒纳该项目需要研究石墨的受体型嵌入化学，其中碳片被氧化，阴离子被纳入扩大的画廊。新的合成方法的开发和新材料的制备和表征将被探索。这种类型的已知化合物通常限于小的阴离子和简单的廊道结构（最近报道了一些例外），与已经获得的用于其他层状主体的复杂插层结构、多孔廊道和纳米复合结构形成鲜明对比。石墨的有用的电子，结构和电化学性质，以及它们的技术意义，表明了开发类似的广泛的插层化学的重要性。提出了使用含有强氧化剂的氢氟酸溶液在环境条件下以多克量快速合成复杂插层化合物的方法。所得产物将作为新石墨材料的前体进行评价，包括有机石墨，其在一般结构特征上类似于有机粘土，以及乱层石墨。将研究这些化合物的材料性质，包括详细的结构特征。与Covalent Associates，Inc.在GOALI计划下，将评估在该项目中开发的新型石墨层间化合物的电化学活性。石墨是一种层状碳结构，具有广泛的技术用途。最近，石墨的电化学嵌入已成为锂离子电池储能的基础，锂离子电池越来越重要，并可能取代用于小型电池的所有其他化学物质。这些材料与目前的石墨基化合物相比，对于能量储存或在石墨的其他技术应用中可能是有利的。

9900390LernerThis project entails a study of acceptor-type intercalation chemistry of graphite, where carbon sheets are oxidized and anions incorporated within expanded galleries. Both the development of new synthetic methods and the preparation and characterization of new materials will be explored. Known compounds of this type are generally limited to small anions and simple gallery structures (with a few exceptions having been reported recently), in marked contrast to the complex intercalant structures, porous galleries, and nanocomposite structures that have been obtained for other layered hosts. The useful electronic, structural, and electrochemical properties of graphite, and their technological significance, indicate the importance for the development of a similar broad intercalation chemistry. Methods are proposed to carry out syntheses of complex intercalation compounds, rapidly, in multi-gram quantity, and under ambient conditions, using hydrofluoric acid solutions containing strong oxidants. The products obtained will be evaluated as precursors to new graphitic materials, including organographites, analogous to organoclays in general structural features, and turbostratic graphites. Materials properties of these compounds, including detailed structural characteristics, will be investigated. A collaborative effort with Covalent Associates, Inc. under the GOALI program will evaluate the electrochemical activity of new graphite intercalation compounds developed during this project.%%%Graphite is a layered carbon structure that has a wide range of technological uses. Recently, the electrochemical intercalation of graphite has become the basis for energy storage in lithium-ion batteries, which are increasingly important and will likely replace all other chemistries used for small batteries. These materials may be advantageous compared with current graphite-based compounds either for energy storage or in other technological applications of graphite.