GOALI: New Synthetic Methods, Intercalation Compounds and Composites of Graphite for Electrochemical and Structural Applications

这个项目需要研究石墨的受体型插层化学，在这种化学中，碳片被氧化，阴离子被结合到扩展的画廊中。将探索新的合成方法的发展和新材料的制备和表征。已知的这种类型的化合物通常限于小阴离子和简单的走廊结构(除了最近报道的一些例外)，这与其他层状主体获得的复杂的插层结构、多孔洞和纳米复合结构形成了鲜明的对比。石墨的有用的电子、结构和电化学性质及其技术意义表明，对于开发类似的宽幅插层化学具有重要意义。提出了使用含有强氧化剂的氢氟酸溶液在环境条件下快速、多克量地合成复杂插层化合物的方法。所获得的产品将作为新的石墨化材料的前体进行评估，包括在一般结构特征上类似于有机粘土的有机石墨，以及涡轮层状石墨。这些化合物的材料性质，包括详细的结构特征，将被调查。在GOALI计划下，与Covality Associates，Inc.的合作将评估在该项目期间开发的新石墨层间化合物的电化学活性。石墨是一种具有广泛技术用途的层状碳结构。近年来，石墨的电化学插层已成为锂离子电池储能的基础，其重要性与日俱增，有望取代用于小型电池的所有其他化学物质。无论是在能量存储方面，还是在石墨的其他技术应用方面，这些材料都可能比目前的石墨基化合物更有优势。

9900390LernerThis project entails a study of acceptor-type intercalation chemistry of graphite, where carbon sheets are oxidized and anions incorporated within expanded galleries. Both the development of new synthetic methods and the preparation and characterization of new materials will be explored. Known compounds of this type are generally limited to small anions and simple gallery structures (with a few exceptions having been reported recently), in marked contrast to the complex intercalant structures, porous galleries, and nanocomposite structures that have been obtained for other layered hosts. The useful electronic, structural, and electrochemical properties of graphite, and their technological significance, indicate the importance for the development of a similar broad intercalation chemistry. Methods are proposed to carry out syntheses of complex intercalation compounds, rapidly, in multi-gram quantity, and under ambient conditions, using hydrofluoric acid solutions containing strong oxidants. The products obtained will be evaluated as precursors to new graphitic materials, including organographites, analogous to organoclays in general structural features, and turbostratic graphites. Materials properties of these compounds, including detailed structural characteristics, will be investigated. A collaborative effort with Covalent Associates, Inc. under the GOALI program will evaluate the electrochemical activity of new graphite intercalation compounds developed during this project.%%%Graphite is a layered carbon structure that has a wide range of technological uses. Recently, the electrochemical intercalation of graphite has become the basis for energy storage in lithium-ion batteries, which are increasingly important and will likely replace all other chemistries used for small batteries. These materials may be advantageous compared with current graphite-based compounds either for energy storage or in other technological applications of graphite.