GOALI: New Synthetic Methods, Intercalation Compounds and Composites of Graphite for Electrochemical and Structural Applications

9900390lerner这个项目需要对石墨的受体型插层化学进行研究，其中碳片被氧化，阴离子被纳入扩展的通道中。新合成方法的发展以及新材料的制备和表征都将被探讨。已知的这种类型的化合物通常局限于小阴离子和简单的通道结构（最近报道了一些例外），与其他层状宿主的复杂插层结构、多孔通道和纳米复合结构形成鲜明对比。石墨的有用的电子、结构和电化学性质及其技术意义，表明了发展类似的广泛插层化学的重要性。提出了用含强氧化剂的氢氟酸溶液在常温条件下快速、多克量地合成复杂插层化合物的方法。获得的产品将被评估为新的石墨材料的前体，包括有机石墨，类似于有机粘土的一般结构特征，和涡轮石墨。这些化合物的材料性质，包括详细的结构特征，将被研究。GOALI项目将与Covalent Associates， Inc.合作，评估在该项目中开发的新型石墨插层化合物的电化学活性。石墨是一种层状碳结构，具有广泛的技术用途。最近，石墨的电化学嵌入已经成为锂离子电池中能量存储的基础，锂离子电池越来越重要，并可能取代小型电池中使用的所有其他化学物质。与现有的石墨基化合物相比，这些材料在储能或石墨的其他技术应用方面可能具有优势。

9900390LernerThis project entails a study of acceptor-type intercalation chemistry of graphite, where carbon sheets are oxidized and anions incorporated within expanded galleries. Both the development of new synthetic methods and the preparation and characterization of new materials will be explored. Known compounds of this type are generally limited to small anions and simple gallery structures (with a few exceptions having been reported recently), in marked contrast to the complex intercalant structures, porous galleries, and nanocomposite structures that have been obtained for other layered hosts. The useful electronic, structural, and electrochemical properties of graphite, and their technological significance, indicate the importance for the development of a similar broad intercalation chemistry. Methods are proposed to carry out syntheses of complex intercalation compounds, rapidly, in multi-gram quantity, and under ambient conditions, using hydrofluoric acid solutions containing strong oxidants. The products obtained will be evaluated as precursors to new graphitic materials, including organographites, analogous to organoclays in general structural features, and turbostratic graphites. Materials properties of these compounds, including detailed structural characteristics, will be investigated. A collaborative effort with Covalent Associates, Inc. under the GOALI program will evaluate the electrochemical activity of new graphite intercalation compounds developed during this project.%%%Graphite is a layered carbon structure that has a wide range of technological uses. Recently, the electrochemical intercalation of graphite has become the basis for energy storage in lithium-ion batteries, which are increasingly important and will likely replace all other chemistries used for small batteries. These materials may be advantageous compared with current graphite-based compounds either for energy storage or in other technological applications of graphite.