Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Perception of Fairness in Social Exchange: A Comparison of Negatively and Positively Connected Networks

博士论文研究：社会交换中公平的感知：负连接网络和正连接网络的比较

• 批准号: 9906712
• 负责人: Linda Molm
• 金额: $ 0.58万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-15 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9906712&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Perception; Fairness

Research on perceptions of justice in social exchange settings has focused on negatively connected networks, i.e., exchange in one of an actor's relationships entails diminished or non-exchange in others. In positive exchanges, exchange in one of an actor's relationships implies exchange in one or more others. This doctoral dissertation research expands the scope of distributive justice theory by comparing justice evaluations in negatively connected and positively connected networks. A key distinction relevant to justice theory is that in negatively connected networks actors often must compete with one another for valued exchanges, whereas this is not the case in positively connected networks. This fundamental difference is expected to lead to differences in perceptions of fairness. In addition, this study proposes to examine behavioral reactions to injustice by investigating the use of punishment in both types of networks. The research design involves a 2x2x2 factorial experiment with the factors being network connection (positive or negative), base of power (reward only or reward and punishment), and equality (equal or unequal). In order to insure control over manipulated variables, subjects will interact with computer simulated partners in 3-actor networks. The significance of this research project lies in the extension of the justice literature to incorporate positively connected networks. Furthermore, this dissertation presents the first study of an anticipated research program examining differences between negatively connected and positively connected exchange networks.

关于社会交换环境中对正义的看法的研究主要集中在消极联系的网络上，即行为者的一个关系中的交换导致其他关系中的交换减少或不交换。在积极的交换中，一个行为者关系的交换意味着一个或多个其他关系的交换。本博士论文通过比较负连接和正连接网络中的正义评价，拓展了分配正义理论的研究范围。与正义理论相关的一个关键区别是，在消极连接的网络中，行为者经常必须相互竞争以获得有价值的交换，而在积极连接的网络中则不是这样。这一根本差异预计会导致对公平的看法不同。此外，本研究建议通过调查两种类型网络中惩罚的使用来检验对不公正的行为反应。研究设计采用2x2x2析因实验，影响因素为网络连接（积极或消极）、权力基础（仅奖励或奖惩）、平等（平等或不平等）。为了确保对操纵变量的控制，受试者将在3人网络中与计算机模拟的伴侣互动。本研究项目的意义在于延伸司法文献，纳入积极连接的网络。此外，本文首次提出了一项预期研究计划，旨在研究负连接和正连接交换网络之间的差异。