Doctoral Dissertation Research: Third-Party Intervention and Perceptions of Fairness: Extending Social Exchange

琳达莫尔姆杰西卡科莱特亚利桑那大学大多数争议解决是雇主和雇员之间，家人或朋友，邻居，和其他团体谁有继续接触后，他们离开法庭，调解员的办公室，或同意合同条款。由于这种持续的关系，调查员认为，任何一种争端解决的一个重要组成部分是冲突各方在过程结束后对彼此的感觉。虽然以往的冲突解决研究主要集中在第三方、过程或结果的公平性，但本文的研究重点是参与冲突解决过程的双方如何看待对方及其关系。具体来说，研究询问了中介机构在解决过程中的干预如何影响争议个体对彼此公平性的看法。 共同PI借鉴了两个广泛的文献-程序正义和归因理论-制定预测的影响，第三方参与公平的看法。从程序正义的项目研究如何影响中介的参与者的过程和决策控制的看法。本研究运用归因理论，探讨了第三方如何改善或转移过程中固有的利益冲突的显著性。 研究者将在一个实验环境中收集数据，该实验环境改变了第三方干预的水平（高、低、缺席）和个人在争端中的相对权力地位（平等、弱势、平等），但通过计算机模拟演员的程序化行为保持结果不变。该研究将有助于扩展社会交换理论，探讨如何第三方的存在影响的情感结果的交换。 该项目还增加了冲突解决的研究，通过调查不同程度的干预解决程序对冲突各方公平性的看法的影响，使谈判各方回到冲突解决研究的中心。解决争端的替代形式正在进入法庭并越来越受欢迎，研究这一趋势的影响很重要。 研究结果对参与争端解决的各方之间的持续关系具有影响，特别是争端调解的兴起是否会产生预期的积极影响，或者是否会对社会关系产生一定的代价。

Linda MolmJessica ColletteUniversity of ArizonaMost dispute resolution is between employers and employees, family or friends, neighbors, and other groups who have continued contact after they leave the courtroom, mediator's office, or agree to contract terms. Because of such ongoing relationships, the investigator argues that a vital component of any kind of dispute resolution is how conflicting parties feel about each other after the process is over. Although previous conflict resolution research focuses primarily on the fairness of the third-party, process or outcome, this dissertation research centers on how the two parties engaged in the process perceive each other and their relations. Specifically, the research asks how intermediaries' intervention in a resolution process affects disputing individuals' perceptions of fairness of one another. The co-PI draws on two extensive literatures - procedural justice and attribution theory - to formulate predictions regarding the effects of third party involvement on perceptions of fairness. From procedural justice the project examines how an intermediary affects the participants' perception of process and decision control. Using attribution theory, the study investigates how a third-party ameliorates or deflects the salience of conflict of interests inherent in the process. The investigator will collect data in an experimental setting varying both the level of third-party intervention (high, low, absent) and an individual's relative power position in the dispute (advantaged, disadvantaged, equal), but holding outcomes constant through programmed behavior of computer simulated actors. The study will contribute to an extension of social exchange theory by exploring how the presence of a third party influences the affective outcomes of exchange. The project also adds to conflict resolution research by investigating the effect of varying levels of intervention in resolution procedures on perceptions of fairness of conflicting parties, bringing the negotiating parties back to the center of the study of conflict resolution. Alternative forms of dispute resolution are entering the courtrooms and gaining popularity and it is important for research to investigate the effects of this trend. Research findings have implications for the ongoing relations between parties engaged in dispute resolution, especially whether the rise of mediation for disputes will have the positive effects predicted, or whether it comes at certain costs to social relationships.