Forms of Exchange and Integrative Outcomes: Effects of History and Embeddedness

交换形式和综合成果：历史和嵌入性的影响

• 批准号: 0814317
• 负责人: Linda Molm
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0814317&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Forms; Exchange; Integrative; Outcomes; Effects

PI: Linda D. Molm, University of ArizonaTitle: Forms of Exchange and Integrative Outcomes: Effects of History and EmbeddednessSES-0814317Project AbstractAs organizational scholars have shown in richly-detailed ethnographic studies, both the history of exchange relations and the ?embeddedness? of economic exchanges in broader social relationships affect how exchange partners feel about one another, trust one another, and interact with one another. This project brings the rigor of laboratory experimentation and a well developed theory to bear on these complex exchange relations. In two experiments, college student subjects interact with one another via computer in small (3- and 4-actor) structured networks that offer the opportunity to engage in repeated exchanges with alternative partners for points that are converted into money. The first experiment tests how different relationship histories (different sequences of reciprocal and negotiated forms of exchange) affect integrative bonds of trust, regard, and solidarity between exchange partners; the second tests how different relationship contexts (the embedding of one form of exchange within an ongoing relation consisting primarily of the other form) affect these bonds. The project builds on previous work in a decade-long program investigating how different forms of exchange (reciprocal, negotiated, and generalized) affect the development of integrative bonds. That work was the first to establish dramatic differences between forms of exchange existing in isolation from one another; this phase of the program is the first to study complex sequential and concurrent combinations of the two direct exchange forms. The work will extend the reciprocity theory of exchange, increase the relevance of the theory and research for exchanges in natural settings, and strengthen theoretical linkages between the exchange tradition and organizational scholars. The broader impacts of the research are considerable: it would (1) promote the direct participation and education of undergraduate and graduate students in research; (2) facilitate interdisciplinary connections across different levels of analysis (micro, meso, and macro), research methodologies (laboratory experiments and ethnographic research in natural settings), and disciplines (sociology, psychology, economics, management, organizations, business); and (3) address an increasingly important societal question: how to construct social organizations and institutions that enhance trust, community, and solidarity, in order to promote more effective and efficient economic exchanges and more satisfying social relationships.

PI：琳达D. Molm，亚利桑那大学标题：交换和综合结果的形式：历史和嵌入的影响SES-0814317项目摘要组织学者在丰富详细的民族志研究中显示，无论是交换关系的历史和？嵌入性？经济交换在更广泛的社会关系中的作用影响着交换伙伴对彼此的感觉、彼此的信任和彼此的互动。这个项目带来了严格的实验室实验和一个完善的理论来承担这些复杂的交换关系。在两个实验中，大学生受试者通过小型（3-和4-演员）结构网络中的计算机相互交流，这些网络提供了与其他合作伙伴进行重复交换的机会，以换取兑换成金钱的积分。第一个实验测试了不同的关系历史（不同序列的互惠和协商形式的交换）如何影响交换伙伴之间的信任，尊重和团结的综合债券;第二个实验测试了不同的关系背景（嵌入一种形式的交换在一个正在进行的关系，主要由其他形式）如何影响这些债券。 该项目建立在一个长达十年的项目中的先前工作的基础上，该项目调查了不同形式的交换（互惠，谈判和广义）如何影响综合债券的发展。这项工作是第一个建立了彼此孤立存在的交换形式之间的巨大差异;该计划的这一阶段是第一个研究两种直接交换形式的复杂顺序和并发组合。这项工作将扩展交换的互惠理论，增加理论和研究在自然环境中的交换的相关性，并加强交换传统和组织学者之间的理论联系。该研究的广泛影响是相当可观的：它将（1）促进本科生和研究生直接参与和教育研究;（2）促进不同层次分析的跨学科联系（微观，中观和宏观），研究方法（实验室实验和自然环境中的人种学研究）和学科（社会学、心理学、经济学、管理学、组织学、商业）;（3）解决日益重要的社会问题：如何建立社会组织和机构，加强信任，社区和团结，以促进更有效的经济交流和更令人满意的社会关系。