Urban Domestic Economy and Social Organization at Early Bronze Age Titris Hoyuk, Turkey

青铜时代早期的城市国内经济和社会组织 土耳其蒂特里斯霍尤克

• 批准号: 9910556
• 负责人: Timothy Matney
• 金额: $ 11.49万
• 依托单位: University of Akron
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-15 至 2002-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9910556&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Urban; Domestic; Economy; Social; Organization

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Timothy Matney and his colleagues will conduct archaeological fieldwork in a domestic habitation area within the Early Bronze Age city of Titris Hoyuk in southeastern Turkey. Analysis of the recovered artifactual, ecofactual and economic data will continue through 2001. The Early Bronze Age (ca. 2600-2100 BC) saw the emergence of numerous urban polities across much of the near Eastern "Fertile Crescent." This emergence set into motion patterns of city life and social relations that ultimately form much of the basis for the urban tradition of western civilization. Yet understanding of how this process developed is far from complete. To a great degree archaeological work on early Near Eastern cities has focused on temple and palace areas at the very core of those centers and has ignored the much more extensive areas of domestic habitation at their periphery. As a result, scientists still lack substantial data for the nature of household economies and social organization, and understanding of these units is essential for reconstructing how these cities functioned. Dr. Matney and colleagues will excavate a single well-preserved domestic residence to test current models of household economy and social organization in ancient Mesopotamia. Previous subsurface magnetic mapping at Titris Hoyuk has provided a fairly high resolution map of primary architectural features within the city. This has allowed the location of an area of well-preserved architectural remains which, based on their size, orientation and morphology are almost certainly domestic residences. The team will focus on a detailed examination of the contents of approximately fifteen rooms in a single discrete large residential building. Recovered paleobotanical, paleofaunal, phytolith, microdebris and residual organic materials associated with room floor and features will be analyzed. With these data it will then be possible to study patterns of resource production and consumption at a household level. Dr. Matney will test the largely undemonstrated assumption that domestic life throughout Mesopotamian cities was organized around extended households operating within a economic climate dominated by great redistributive systems run through temple and palace organizations. By concentrating efforts on non-elite residential areas of a major site, this project will illuminate the nature of household organization, production and consumption practices. It will correct the biased current understanding of ancient economic systems in Mesopotamia which is reconstructed largely from cuneiform texts and village ethnographies. The work will provide archaeologists with a more holistic picture of ancient urbanism in Mesopotamia, allowing for comparisons with theoretical models of urban genesis derived from other regions and time periods.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，蒂莫西·马特尼博士和他的同事将在土耳其东南部青铜时代早期城市蒂特里斯霍尤克的一个住宅区进行考古实地考察。对恢复的人工、生态事实和经济数据的分析将持续到 2001 年。早期青铜时代（约公元前 2600-2100 年）在近东“新月沃土”的大部分地区出现了众多城市政体。这种出现引发了城市生活和社会关系的运动模式，最终构成了西方文明城市传统的基础。然而，对这一过程如何发展的理解还远未完成。在很大程度上，对早期近东城市的考古工作集中在这些中心核心的寺庙和宫殿区域，而忽略了其外围更广泛的家庭居住区域。因此，科学家仍然缺乏有关家庭经济和社会组织性质的大量数据，而了解这些单位对于重建这些城市的运作方式至关重要。马特尼博士和同事将挖掘一处保存完好的住宅，以测试古代美索不达米亚当前的家庭经济和社会组织模式。先前在 Titris Hoyuk 进行的地下磁测绘提供了该城市主要建筑特征的相当高分辨率的地图。这使得能够找到一个保存完好的建筑遗迹区域，根据其大小、方向和形态，几乎可以肯定这些建筑遗迹是住宅。该团队将重点详细检查一栋独立的大型住宅楼中大约十五个房间的内容。将分析回收的古植物、古动物、植硅体、微碎片和与房间地板和特征相关的残留有机材料。有了这些数据，就有可能研究家庭层面的资源生产和消费模式。马特尼博士将检验一个基本上未被证实的假设，即整个美索不达米亚城市的家庭生活是围绕大家庭组织起来的，而经济环境是由通过寺庙和宫殿组织运行的巨大的再分配系统所主导的。通过集中研究一个主要地点的非精英住宅区，该项目将阐明家庭组织、生产和消费实践的本质。它将纠正目前对美索不达米亚古代经济体系的偏见，该体系主要是根据楔形文字和村庄民族志重建的。这项工作将为考古学家提供美索不达米亚古代城市化的更全面的了解，从而可以与其他地区和时期的城市起源理论模型进行比较。