POWRE: Genetic Regulatory Shifts in Insect Evolution

POWRE：昆虫进化中的遗传调控转变

• 批准号: 9973647
• 负责人: Susan Brown
• 金额: $ 7.42万
• 依托单位: Kansas State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-01 至 2002-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9973647&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: POWRE; Genetic; Regulatory; Shifts; Insect

+Studies of insect embryogenesis have defined two major development types. Most insects display a short germ type of development in which a germ rudiment forms and additional segments are added sequentially. In contrast, long germ type insects form segments along the entire anterior-posterior axis virtually simultaneously. This behavior, thought to be derived, is due in part to an increased maternal contribution of materials and patterning information, and presumably offers the selective advantage of rapid early development. It has been suggested that regulatory changes occurred via a shift of some embryonic patterning mechanisms from zygotic to maternal regulation. In Drosophila, a long germ insect, several gene products are provided maternally and stored until required for specific functions. However, the extent to which these genes may be zygotically controlled in other insects is not known. The Drosophila gene ftz transcription factor 1 (ftz-f1) is maternally transcribed. The encoded protein is translated in the embryo and required for normal segmentation . In the short germ beetle, Tribolium castaneum, the ftz-f1 ortholog is expressed in embryonic pair-rule stripes. This apparent shift of ftz-f1 control from zygotic to maternal may provide a general paradigm for the regulatory changes which accompanied the evolution of long germ development. Alternatively, the regulatory change observed for ftz-f1 may be unique to this gene. Analysis of the Tribolium homologs of several other Drosophila zygotic lethal genes with maternal effects will provide the information necessary to distinguish between these possibilities. The research described in this POWRE proposal represents a new line of inquiry for Dr. Brown and will provide the opportunity to achieve a level of recognizable independence required for advancement to full Research Professor.

+昆虫胚胎发生的研究确定了两种主要的发育类型。 大多数昆虫显示出一种短的胚芽发育类型，其中胚芽原基形成，并依次添加额外的片段。 相比之下，长胚芽型昆虫几乎同时沿整个前后轴沿着形成节。 这种行为，被认为是派生的，部分是由于增加了母体的材料和图案信息的贡献，并可能提供快速早期发展的选择性优势。 有人认为，通过一些胚胎模式化机制从合子到母体调节的转变，发生了调节变化。 果蝇是一种长胚芽昆虫，它的几种基因产物由母体提供并储存起来，直到特定功能需要时才能使用。 然而，这些基因在其他昆虫中受合子控制的程度尚不清楚。 果蝇基因ftz转录因子1（ftz-f1）是母系转录的。 编码的蛋白质在胚胎中翻译，并为正常分割所需。 在短胚芽甲虫赤拟谷盗中，ftz-f1直系同源物在胚胎成对规则条纹中表达。 ftz-f1控制从合子到母体的这种明显转变可能为伴随长胚发育进化的调节变化提供了一个普遍的范式。 或者，观察到的ftz-f1的调节变化可能是该基因所独有的。 分析其他几个果蝇合子致死基因的Tribolium同源物与母性效应将提供必要的信息来区分这些可能性。 本POWRE提案中描述的研究代表了一条新的调查路线， 布朗博士，并将提供机会，以实现晋升为充分的研究教授所需的可识别的独立性水平。