POWRE: Gender-Based Considerations for Modeling Cognition and Color Appearance

POWRE：基于性别的认知和颜色外观建模考虑因素

• 批准号: 9973903
• 负责人: Kimberly Jameson
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-01 至 2002-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9973903&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: POWRE; Gender; Based; Considerations; Modeling

Investigators studying the neural basis of cognition search for robust and meaningful relations between important neural stages and mental states defining complex psychological sensations. This approach has characterized the study of human color vision. The early stages of neural processing involved in the perception of color from environmental light have been mapped from retinal input structures to neural processing structures in the brain. This earlier research has adopted the Trichromatic model of color vision, which assumes three different retinal light detectors, each of which codes a different part of the visual spectrum and uses a different neural processing channel. This model has been widely used for modeling both early visual processing and higher-order color sensations. However, recent studies in the molecular genetics of color vision have demonstrated that a large number of individuals in the general female population can express more than the standard three retinal visual photopigments. Thus, it is possible that the trichromatic assumption of a strictly three-channel color vision system may not be appropriate for those individuals. These individuals may have retinas composed of more than three types of cone photoreceptor visual pigments and may experience color sensations which differ from those experienced by individuals expressing only three "normal" pigments. This research will assess the color perception of individuals grouped according to classes of color-vision genes as identified through genetic assays. Individuals identified as Dichromats (two color-vision channels) and Trichromats (the usual three color-vision channels), as well as individuals genetically determined to have non-standard photopigment genetic variations will be examined. In these experiments, individuals' color perception capabilities will be assessed using two methods, a standard method long used and found in the literature and another newly developed method. Additionally, the research will conduct a parallel line of investigations exploring the perceptual consequences of various mutations in an important color-vision gene. This research will clarify the extent to which gender differences in color appearance behaviors are mediated by variations in color-vision gene expression. The results will also provide evidence about the adequacy of the three-channel processing assumption and the Trichromatic model of color perception. In addition, these experiments will help us understand a number of technical issues related to the influence of genetic mechanisms on color vision. This research, because of its implications for people who may have more than three photopigment classes, may impact a variety of industrial applications for coding color appearances (e.g., three-phosphor primaries used in color television technologies, environmental lighting applications, and many others.) which rely on the Trichromatic model. This POWRE grant, in addition to the specific research involved, should advance the PI's prominence as a research scientist, mentor and scholar in this area of research.

研究认知的神经基础的研究人员寻找重要的神经阶段和定义复杂心理感觉的心理状态之间的强大和有意义的关系。 这种方法的特点是研究人类的颜色视觉。 参与从环境光感知颜色的神经处理的早期阶段已经从视网膜输入结构映射到大脑中的神经处理结构。 这项早期的研究采用了色觉的三色模型，该模型假设了三种不同的视网膜光探测器，每种光探测器编码视觉光谱的不同部分，并使用不同的神经处理通道。 该模型已被广泛用于早期视觉处理和高阶色觉的建模。 然而，最近的色觉分子遗传学研究表明，在一般女性人群中，有大量的个体可以表达超过标准的三种视网膜视觉色素。 因此，严格的三通道色觉系统的三色假设可能不适合这些人。这些个体可能具有由多于三种类型的视锥光感受器视色素组成的视网膜，并且可能经历与仅表达三种“正常”色素的个体所经历的不同的颜色感觉。 这项研究将评估根据通过遗传分析确定的色觉基因类别分组的个体的色觉。 将检查被鉴定为二色视者（两个色觉通道）和三色视者（通常的三个色觉通道）的个体，以及遗传上被确定为具有非标准色素遗传变异的个体。 在这些实验中，个人的颜色感知能力将使用两种方法进行评估，一种是长期使用的标准方法，另一种是新开发的方法。 此外，该研究还将进行平行的调查，探索一个重要的色觉基因中各种突变的感知后果。 这项研究将阐明颜色外观行为的性别差异在多大程度上是由色觉基因表达的变化介导的。 这些结果也将为三通道加工假设和色觉的三色模型的充分性提供证据。 此外，这些实验将帮助我们了解一些与遗传机制对色觉影响相关的技术问题。 这项研究，由于其对可能具有三种以上色素类别的人的影响，可能会影响编码颜色外观的各种工业应用（例如，用于彩色电视技术、环境照明应用和许多其它应用的三磷光体基色。它依赖于三色模型。 除了所涉及的具体研究外，这项POWRE赠款还应促进PI在这一研究领域作为研究科学家，导师和学者的突出地位。