Motivated Biases in Political Reasoning

政治推理中的动机性偏见

• 批准号: 9975063
• 负责人: Milton Lodge
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-10-01 至 2002-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9975063&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Motivated; Biases; Political; Reasoning

Citizens are rarely, if ever, dispassionate when thinking about politics. Rather than treating information about political parties, candidates, or issues evenhandedly, as normative models of rational decisionmaking prescribe, they are prone to accept those facts and arguments they agree with and discount or actively counter argue those which challenge their preconvictions. In short, citizens often are "partisan" in their political beliefs, motivated more by their desire to maintain prior beliefs than by their desire to make "accurate" or otherwise optimal decisions. More telling, even when people try hard to be faithful to the evidence, they often are unable to treat information evenhandedly, for affect and cognition are linked inseparably in cognitive architecture and information processes. Cognition is "hot" - affect becomes information in the decisionmaking calculus. This grant proposal suggests a series of experimental and computational tests of the theory of motivated political reasoning as applied to the evaluation of candidates and issues.

公民在思考政治时很少会冷静下来。 他们倾向于接受他们认同的事实和论点，而对那些挑战他们偏见的事实和论点不屑一顾，或者积极反驳。 简而言之，公民在他们的政治信仰中往往是“党派性的”，他们的动机更多地是为了维持先前的信仰，而不是为了做出“准确”或其他最佳决策。 更能说明问题的是，即使人们努力忠实于证据，他们也往往无法公平地对待信息，因为情感和认知在认知结构和信息处理中密不可分。 认知是“热”的--情感在决策演算中成为信息。 这项拨款建议对动机性政治推理理论进行一系列实验和计算测试，以评估候选人和问题。