Collaborative Research: Residential Segregation and the Spatial Division of Labor of Immigrants in Los Angeles

该项目调查了洛杉矶地区移民居住和工作场所的地理位置，以了解居住位置和空间可达性如何影响移民在特定工作领域的集中度。此前，数据限制限制了对此类影响的实证分析。人口普查局最近发布了1990年人口和住房普查的特别版本，其中包括按普查区域划分的就业、居住地和工作地点信息。该项目将使用这些数据来解决一系列基本问题，包括：根据人口普查区域，移民在洛杉矶的哪里工作？工作地点与移民群体居住的地理位置有什么关系？与非利基工作相比，一个群体的利基工作(显著的工业和职业就业集中度)在哪里？这些壁龛距离居民点有多远？该项目使用了两种不同的方法来回答这些问题。首先，我们计划为洛杉矶CMSA绘制按性别和移民群体划分的就业和居住人口普查区域的移民工人。这些地图是以地图为基础的一系列统计数字的输入，这些统计数字按地区概括了移民就业专业化与其工作和居住的地理位置之间的关系。其次，我们估计了一个嵌套的Logit模型，即在移民利基市场工作的概率和最近抵达洛杉矶的移民的居住地点选择--那些在1985年至1990年之间来到洛杉矶的人。总体而言，这项研究的目的是揭示移民居住集聚和他们在特定类型工作中的集中度之间的相互关系。学者们对这两种隔离--居住和工业隔离--之间的联系进行了推测，但很少研究其具体形式。这些联系很可能与工作场所隔离有关--特定类型的工作集中在特定的地方，通常被描述为空间分工。这个项目探索了这三种隔离形式--居住、工业和工作场所--之间的联系，以便更好地理解移民的工作是如何取决于他们所在民族社区的位置与工业的空间分布有关的。通过这样做，该项目将有助于阐明种族居住隔离在种族就业不平等中所起的作用。

This project examines the geography of residence and workplace for immigrants in the Los Angeles region to see how residential location and spatial accessibility affect the concentration of immigrants in particular lines of work. Data limitations have previously restricted empirical analyses of such effects. The Census Bureau has recently released a special version of the 1990 Census of Population and Housing that includes information on employment, place of residence by census tract, and place of work by census tract. The project will use these data to address a series of basic questions that include: Where, by census tract, in Los Angeles do immigrants work? How is place of work related to an immigrant group's geography of residence? Where are a group's niche jobs (notable industrial and occupational employment concentrations) in relation to its non-niche jobs? And how far away are these niches from residential concentrations? The project employs two different methods to answer these questions. First, we plan to plot immigrant workers by census tracts of employment and residence by sex and immigrant group for the Los Angeles CMSA. These maps are input to a series of map-based statistics summarizing the relations between immigrant employment specialization and their geographies of work and residence by tract. Second, we estimate a nested logit model of the probability of working in an immigrant niche and choice of residential location for the most recent immigrant arrivals to Los Angeles - those who came between 1985 and 1990. In general, the aim of this research is to uncover the interrelationship between the residential clustering of immigrants and their concentration in particular types of work. Scholars have speculated about the connections between these two types of segregation - residential and industrial - but have rarely investigated its specific form. These connections are likely bound-up with workplace segregation - the concentration of specific types of jobs in particular places, usually described as the spatial division of labor. This project explores linkages between these three forms of segregation - residential, industrial, and workplace - in order to better understand how the jobs immigrants hold depend on the location of their ethnic neighborhoods in relation to the spatial distribution of industries. In so doing, the project will help shed light on the role ethnic residential segregation plays in ethnic employment inequality.