Collaborative Research: The Mixed-Race Household in Residential Space: Neighborhood Context, Segregation, and Multiracial Identities, 1990-2000

1992年，跨种族婚姻（不包括拉丁裔和非拉丁裔同种族的婚姻）占全国婚姻总数的2.2%，高于1960年的0.4%。在20世纪90年代剩下的几年里，利率翻了一番多，到2000年达到5.2%。在这样的背景下，这个项目调查了混血夫妇的社区地理。关于美国城市居住隔离的大量文献调查了种族和族裔群体成员的社区选择和约束问题，但尚未从理论上或经验上检查混血儿伴侣的居住选择。这个项目试图回答一些基本的理论和实证问题。我们目前所理解的产生和维持种族隔离的过程是否也适用于混血儿家庭？混血儿家庭是住在种族隔离还是不同的社区？他们是否生活在一个由特定种族/民族群体主导的社区？这取决于男性伴侣还是女性伴侣的种族？伴侣的社会阶级地位会影响他们的居住选择吗？这些对混血家庭居住地理调查的初步步骤为我们解决两个衍生问题奠定了基础。混血伴侣的增加如何影响社区的居住隔离水平？可能是由于社区外（如在大学或工作中）的跨种族接触而导致的混血伴侣关系的增加，降低了社区内的居住隔离水平。混血夫妇的居住选择是否会影响他们对多种族子女的种族/民族认同？居住在以单一种族/民族群体为主的社区可能会鼓励混血夫妇将他们的孩子视为该群体的成员。本项目将调查跨种族夫妇为其多种族子女所做的种族/民族认同选择。该项目将首次提供1990年和2000年混血家庭的社区地理情况。迄今为止，对这些地区进行调查的能力有限，因为可公开获得的人口普查数据没有提供社区尺度上的家庭结构信息。最近公布的1990年和2000年人口普查长表格的限制访问数据提供了这样的数据，使我们能够大大提高我们对种族隔离、城市社会地理以及种族混合家庭中种族身份建构的理解。

Marriage across racial lines, excluding unions between Latinos and non-Latinos of the same race, nationally accounted for 2.2 percent of marriages in 1992, up from 0.4 percent in 1960. Rates more than doubled in the remaining years of the 1990s to 5.2 percent in 2000. Against this backdrop, this project investigates the neighborhood geographies of mixed-race couples. The extensive literature on US urban residential segregation that investigates issues of neighborhood choice and constraint for members of racial and ethnic groups has yet to examine, theoretically or empirically, the residential choices of mixed-race partners. This project seeks to answer a number of basic theoretical and empirical questions. Do the processes that generate and sustain segregation, as we currently understand them, apply to mixed-race households? Do mixed-race families live in segregated or diverse neighborhoods? Do they live in neighborhoods dominated by a particular race/ethnic group? Does this depend on the race of the male partner or the female partner? Do the social class positions of the partners affect the couple's residential choices? These initial steps in the investigation of the residential geography of mixed-race households set the stage for us to address two derivative questions. How does the increase in mixed-race partnering affect levels of residential segregation in neighborhoods? It may be that the rise in mixed-race partnerships due to interracial contact outside neighborhoods (such as at college or work) drives down levels of residential segregation within neighborhoods. Do the residential choices of mixed-race couples have implications for the way they racially/ethnically identify their multiracial children? Residence in a neighborhood dominated by a single racial/ethnic group may encourage mixed-race couples to identify their children as members of that group. This project will investigate the racial/ethnic identification choices that mixed-race couples make for their multiracial children across an array of racially identified places.This project will provide the first glimpse of the neighborhood geographies of mixed-race households in both 1990 and 2000. The ability to investigate these geographies has been limited to date because publicly available census data provide no information on household structure at neighborhood scales. Recently released restricted access data from the long forms of the 1990 and 2000 Censuses provide such data, allowing us to advance significantly our understanding of racial segregation, urban social geographies, and the construction of racial identity in mixed-race families.