Collaborative Research: Air-Sea Fluxes at High Wind Speeds with Application to Tropical Cyclone Intensity Prediction

合作研究：高风速下的海气通量及其在热带气旋强度预测中的应用

• 批准号: 0001037
• 负责人: Edgar Andreas
• 金额: $ 16.88万
• 依托单位: Department of Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Interagency Agreement
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-01-15 至 2003-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0001037&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Air; Sea; Fluxes

Theory and numerical experiments demonstrate that the intensity achieved by tropical cyclones is sensitive to the relative importance of surface fluxes of momentum and enthalpy in the storm core, yet very little is known about such fluxes in extremely high wind speeds. Extrapolation to high winds of the functional form of surface exchange coefficients deduced from observations at moderate wind speeds leads to the prediction that storms of greater than nominal tropical storm strength should never be observed. It is hypothesized that this paradox can be resolved by a proper account of the physical processes affecting surface fluxes at high wind speeds. Attacking this problem requires a multi-disciplinary program of theoretical, numerical and laboratory work in order to address several crucial physical processes that are neglected or poorly handled in present tropical cyclone models. Accordingly, Principal Investigators from four institutions (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Rhode Island, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory) have formed a research team to perform this research. Specifically, the Principal Investigators will: 1. Investigate the effect of re-entrant sea spray on air-sea enthalpy exchange through theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments:2. Conduct a program of theoretical and experimental research designed to yield quantitative estimates of air-sea heat exchange by bubbles; and3. Produce better estimates of the effect of waves on air-sea momentum exchange.This research should lead to better formulations of surface fluxes in very high wind speeds. These formulations will be implemented in numerical weather prediction models to improve the accuracy of tropical cyclone intensity prediction.

理论和数值实验表明，热带气旋的强度对风暴核心表面动量和焓通量的相对重要性很敏感，但对极高风速下的动量和焓通量知之甚少。从中等风速下的观测推导出的地表交换系数的函数形式外推到大风，可以预测永远不会观测到大于名义热带风暴强度的风暴。据推测，这种矛盾可以通过适当地解释影响高风速下地表通量的物理过程来解决。要解决这个问题，需要一个多学科的理论、数值和实验室工作计划，以解决目前热带气旋模型中被忽视或处理不善的几个关键物理过程。因此，来自四个机构（伍兹霍尔海洋研究所、罗德岛大学、麻省理工学院和寒冷地区研究与工程实验室）的首席研究员组成了一个研究小组来进行这项研究。具体来说，主要研究者将：1。通过理论分析和室内实验研究了再入海喷淋对海气焓交换的影响。实施一项理论和实验研究计划，旨在定量估计气泡对空气-海洋热交换的影响；说谎。更好地估计海浪对海气动量交换的影响。这项研究将导致在非常高的风速下更好的地表通量公式。这些公式将应用于数值天气预报模式，以提高热带气旋强度预报的准确性。