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Tectonic geomorphology and numerical surface-process modeling in the Pamir

帕米尔高原构造地貌和数值表面过程模拟

基本信息

批准号：
140678784
负责人：
Professor Dr. Richard Gloaguen
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Angewandte Physik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2008-12-31 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/140678784?language=en
关键词：
Tectonic geomorphology numerical surface process

项目摘要

We aim to establish the Late Cenozoic deformation field of the Pamir by localizing and characterizing active and neotectonic deformation structures, and setting up the drainage-basin, river-capture, river-reversal, and regional erosion history. Our hypothesis is that the neotectonics is governed by subduction beneath the frontal part of the orocline, E–W extension in the intra-plateau Karakul-lake rift, and transtension (east) and transpression (west) along the lateral margins of the orocline, a result of oroclinal formation, rotation of the Indian indenter, and focused precipitation caused by the Westerlies. The model for the evolution of the drainage system involves: growth of the Pamir by N-ward propagating deformation, establishing E-trending belts of shortening and rivers/drainages; diversion and blocking of these rivers by the development of the lateral boundaries of the orocline that resulted in river capture and reversal. Even the present-day Panj (Amu Darya) is affected by ongoing uplift: tilted river terraces, wind gaps, and abnormal intersection of streams of different order indicate that large parts of the river have changed flow direction. The determination of a number of geomorphic indices with remote sensing techniques will identify areas experiencing tectonic deformation. Locally, we will quantify the deformation by leveling and dating of river terraces. Regionally, we will determine bedrock uplift and erosion by remote sensing and low- temperature geochronology. Our hypotheses will be tested by means of 3D numerical modeling of landscape evolution coupled with lithospheric-scale thermomechanical models of the Pamir–Tien Shan orogen. For that we are developing a new, highly efficient numerical model for surface processes that is able to simulate precipitation, erosion, and mass transport on high-resolution DEMs. Results of the field studies will be used to calibrate model parameters and to constrain modeling results.

通过对帕米尔晚新生代活动构造和新构造变形构造的定位和特征化，建立帕米尔晚新生代盆地、河流捕获、河流逆转和区域侵蚀史，建立帕米尔晚新生代变形场。我们的假设是，新构造是由俯冲下的前部分的造山带，在高原内卡拉库尔湖裂谷的东西延伸，和transstension（东）和transpressure（西）沿着侧缘的造山带，结果的造山带形成，旋转的印度压痕，并集中降水所造成的西风带。该模型的排水系统的演变涉及：帕米尔的N向传播变形的增长，建立E向带缩短和河流/排水;分流和阻塞这些河流的发展的横向边界的造山带，导致河流捕获和逆转。即使是现在的Panj（阿姆河）也受到持续隆起的影响：倾斜的河流阶地，风隙和不同顺序的溪流异常交叉表明河流的大部分已经改变了流向。用遥感技术确定一些地貌指数将查明经历构造变形的地区。在当地，我们将通过对河流阶地进行水准测量和测年来量化变形。在区域上，我们将通过遥感和低温地质年代学确定基岩隆起和侵蚀。我们的假设将通过景观演化的三维数值模拟与帕米尔-天山造山带的岩石圈尺度的热力学模型相结合来检验。为此，我们正在开发一种新的，高效的数值模式，能够模拟降水，侵蚀和质量输送的高分辨率DEM的表面过程。现场研究的结果将用于校准模型参数和约束建模结果。