Biodiversity of Sakhalin Island

萨哈林岛的生物多样性

• 批准号: 0071655
• 负责人: Theodore Pietsch
• 金额: $ 39.11万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-15 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0071655&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Biodiversity; Sakhalin; Island

This project will conduct the initial, first-year phase of detailed biotic survey and inventory of the Russian island of Sakhalin. A team of Russian, Japanese, and American scientists will conduct a survey and inventory of the plants, insects, spiders, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, freshwater fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. This work is a logical and much needed extension to the previous seven years of similar work by the investigators in the Russian Kuril Archipelago. As one of four primary source biotas for the colonization of the Kuril Islands--the others being Hokkaido, the Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Asian mainland--Sakhalin is by far the least known biologically and in the greatest danger of over exploitation. Narrowly separated from the continent for nearly 1,000 km and almost touching Hokkaido, Japan, at its southern tip, it forms a natural filter or barrier to dispersal of plants and animals from the Asian mainland to the Kurils. Although considerable information is available for wide-ranging, commercially important species, such as king crab, salmon, cod, and various marine mammals, the flora and fauna of Sakhalin as a whole are poorly known. At the same time, a steep rise in commercial exploitation of natural resources poses a serious environmental threat to the island. Using standardized survey methods, modern computer-based inventory procedures, and dissemination of information through the Internet, the results of the survey will provide important baseline data on patterns of species diversity that can be compared accurately with the Kuril Islands and other regions sampled in similar ways. Working cooperatively with universities and the national and local governments of the host country, the project will provide training for faculty, students, and government biologists. Finally, the work will provide a foundation of information that will promote long-term future research as well as conservation of the unique island biotas of the entire Sakhalin-Kuril administrative district.

该项目将对俄罗斯萨哈林岛进行第一年的详细生物调查和清查。 由俄罗斯、日本和美国科学家组成的团队将对植物、昆虫、蜘蛛、淡水和陆地软体动物、淡水鱼、两栖动物和爬行动物进行调查和清点。 这项工作是对俄罗斯千岛群岛调查人员前七年类似工作的合理且急需的延伸。 作为千岛群岛殖民的四个主要生物群之一（其他三个是北海道、堪察加半岛和亚洲大陆），库页岛是迄今为止最不为人所知的生物群，并且面临着过度开发的最大危险。 它与大陆相距近 1,000 公里，南端几乎与日本北海道相连，形成了天然的过滤器或屏障，阻止植物和动物从亚洲大陆传播到千岛群岛。 尽管对于范围广泛、具有重要商业价值的物种（如帝王蟹、鲑鱼、鳕鱼和各种海洋哺乳动物）可以获得大量信息，但萨哈林岛的动植物群作为一个整体却鲜为人知。 与此同时，自然资源商业开发的急剧增加对该岛造成了严重的环境威胁。 使用标准化调查方法、基于计算机的现代清查程序以及通过互联网传播信息，调查结果将提供有关物种多样性模式的重要基线数据，可以与以类似方式采样的千岛群岛和其他地区进行准确比较。 该项目将与东道国的大学以及国家和地方政府合作，为教师、学生和政府生物学家提供培训。 最后，这项工作将为促进未来的长期研究以及整个萨哈林千岛行政区独特岛屿生物群的保护奠定信息基础。