GROUND DEFORMATION DUE TO FAULT RUPTURE AND LIQUEFACTION DURING THE 1999 KOCAELI AND DUZCE, TURKEY, EARTHQUAKES:

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CMS0085306PI: Jean-Pierre BardetInstitution: University of Southern CaliforniaTitle: "GROUND DEFORMATION DUE TO SURFACE FAULTING AND LIQUEFACTION DURING THE 1999 KOCAELI AND DUZCE, TURKEY, EARTHQUAKES"AbstractDuring the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey, earthquakes, surface faultingcaused substantial damage to structures and lifelines. It is the first timethat surface faulting impacts urban and industrial areas to such an extent,and raises major concerns about our current practices in earthquakeengineering. During the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake, there was alsomajor damage due to liquefaction-induced lateral spreads and coastalsubsidences along the coasts of the Bay of Izmit and Lake Sapanca. Theobjective of this proposed exploratory research is to measure grounddeformations caused by surface faulting and liquefaction during the 1999Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey earthquakes. This information, which will bedisseminated to researchers and practitioners via the Internet, willcontribute to improving models for liquefaction-induced lateral spreads andmitigation criteria for surface faulting effects. The proposed exploratory research completes the work performed immediatelyafter the earthquakes by the earthquake reconnaissance teams andsubsequently by our research collaborators in Turkey. The discontinuousdislocations from surface faulting have already been mapped by geologists.However, the continuous fields of ground strain surrounding surfacefaulting have not yet been measured. The aerial photographs taken prior andafter the earthquakes are yet to be interpreted to yield a large-scaleunderstanding of ground deformation and failure mechanisms, especially instepovers between two strike-slip strands (e.g., Golcuk). The same imageprocessing techniques need also to be also applied for producing maps ofliquefaction-induced ground deformations (e.g., Sapanca Lake). Theprocessing and interpretation of aerial photographs will be instrumental inunderstanding the large-scale ground deformation and failure mechanismsobserved during the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey, earthquakes. The objectives of the proposed exploratory research are: (1) Compilationand organization of existing data on surface-faulting andliquefaction-induced ground deformation for the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce,Turkey, earthquakes; (2) Processing of aerial photographs taken prior toand after the earthquakes for producing maps of permanent displacementvectors and settlements induced by surface faulting and liquefaction; (3)Collection of additional ground surveys, and data on geology andgeotechnical soil profiles (e.g., SPT and CPT soundings) in selected areas;and (4) Dissemination of information collected thorough a new GIS platform(Internet Map Server) on the Internet.