GROUND DEFORMATION DUE TO FAULT RUPTURE AND LIQUEFACTION DURING THE 1999 KOCAELI AND DUZCE, TURKEY, EARTHQUAKES:

CMS0085306PI：Jean-Pierre BarderInstitution：南加州大学标题：“1999年土耳其科凯利和杜兹地震期间地表断层和液化引起的地面变形”摘要1999年土耳其科凯利和杜兹地震期间，地表断层对建筑物和生命线造成了重大破坏。这是第一次地表断层对城市和工业区造成如此程度的影响，并引发了人们对我们当前地震工程实践的重大担忧。1999年土耳其科凯利地震期间，伊兹米特湾和萨潘卡湖沿岸液化引起的横向扩展和海岸下沉也造成了重大破坏。这项拟议的探索性研究的目的是测量1999年土耳其科凯利和杜兹地震期间地表断层和液化引起的地面变形。这些信息将通过互联网传播给研究人员和从业人员，将有助于改进液化引起的横向传播模型和地表断层效应的缓解标准。拟议的探索性研究完成了地震勘察小组在地震发生后立即完成的工作，随后由我们在土耳其的研究合作者完成。地质学家已经绘制了地表断层引起的不连续位错图，但尚未测量到地表断层周围的地面应变的连续场。地震前后拍摄的航空照片尚未得到解释，无法对地面变形和破坏机制有一个大范围的了解，特别是在两条走滑线(如Golcuk)之间。同样的图像处理技术也需要用于制作液化引起的地面变形地图(例如萨潘卡湖)。航空照片的处理和解释将有助于理解1999年土耳其科凯利和杜兹地震期间的大范围地面变形和破坏机制。拟议探索性研究的目标是：(1)汇编和组织1999年土耳其科凯利和杜兹地震有关地表断层和液化引起的地面变形的现有数据；(2)处理地震前后拍摄的航空照片，以绘制地表断层和液化引起的永久位移向量和沉降图；(3)收集更多的地面调查，以及选定地区的地质和土工土壤剖面数据(如SPT和CPT测深)；以及(4)在因特网上传播通过新的地理信息系统平台(因特网地图服务器)收集的信息。

CMS0085306PI: Jean-Pierre BardetInstitution: University of Southern CaliforniaTitle: "GROUND DEFORMATION DUE TO SURFACE FAULTING AND LIQUEFACTION DURING THE 1999 KOCAELI AND DUZCE, TURKEY, EARTHQUAKES"AbstractDuring the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey, earthquakes, surface faultingcaused substantial damage to structures and lifelines. It is the first timethat surface faulting impacts urban and industrial areas to such an extent,and raises major concerns about our current practices in earthquakeengineering. During the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake, there was alsomajor damage due to liquefaction-induced lateral spreads and coastalsubsidences along the coasts of the Bay of Izmit and Lake Sapanca. Theobjective of this proposed exploratory research is to measure grounddeformations caused by surface faulting and liquefaction during the 1999Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey earthquakes. This information, which will bedisseminated to researchers and practitioners via the Internet, willcontribute to improving models for liquefaction-induced lateral spreads andmitigation criteria for surface faulting effects. The proposed exploratory research completes the work performed immediatelyafter the earthquakes by the earthquake reconnaissance teams andsubsequently by our research collaborators in Turkey. The discontinuousdislocations from surface faulting have already been mapped by geologists.However, the continuous fields of ground strain surrounding surfacefaulting have not yet been measured. The aerial photographs taken prior andafter the earthquakes are yet to be interpreted to yield a large-scaleunderstanding of ground deformation and failure mechanisms, especially instepovers between two strike-slip strands (e.g., Golcuk). The same imageprocessing techniques need also to be also applied for producing maps ofliquefaction-induced ground deformations (e.g., Sapanca Lake). Theprocessing and interpretation of aerial photographs will be instrumental inunderstanding the large-scale ground deformation and failure mechanismsobserved during the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey, earthquakes. The objectives of the proposed exploratory research are: (1) Compilationand organization of existing data on surface-faulting andliquefaction-induced ground deformation for the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce,Turkey, earthquakes; (2) Processing of aerial photographs taken prior toand after the earthquakes for producing maps of permanent displacementvectors and settlements induced by surface faulting and liquefaction; (3)Collection of additional ground surveys, and data on geology andgeotechnical soil profiles (e.g., SPT and CPT soundings) in selected areas;and (4) Dissemination of information collected thorough a new GIS platform(Internet Map Server) on the Internet.