GROUND DEFORMATION DUE TO FAULT RUPTURE AND LIQUEFACTION DURING THE 1999 KOCAELI AND DUZCE, TURKEY, EARTHQUAKES:

题目：“1999年土耳其KOCAELI和DUZCE地震中地表断裂和液化引起的地面变形”摘要1999年土耳其KOCAELI和DUZCE地震中，地表断裂对建筑物和生命线造成了重大破坏。这是地表断层第一次对城市和工业区造成如此大的影响，并引起了人们对我们目前地震工程实践的主要关注。在1999年土耳其科恰埃利地震期间，由于液化引起的沿伊兹米特湾和萨潘卡湖沿岸的横向扩散和海岸沉降，也造成了重大破坏。这项探索性研究的目的是测量1999年土耳其kocaeli和Duzce地震期间由地表断层和液化引起的地面变形。这些信息将通过互联网传播给研究人员和从业人员，将有助于改进液化引起的横向扩散模型和地表断层影响的缓解标准。拟议的探索性研究完成了地震勘测小组和我们在土耳其的研究合作者在地震发生后立即进行的工作。地质学家已经把地表断裂引起的不连续位错绘制出来了。然而，地表断层周围的连续地应变场尚未测量到。地震前后拍摄的航空照片还有待解释，以获得对地面变形和破坏机制的大规模理解，特别是两条走滑链之间的非作用力（例如，Golcuk）。同样的图像处理技术也需要应用于制作液化引起的地面变形的地图（例如，萨潘卡湖）。航空照片的处理和解释将有助于理解1999年土耳其Kocaeli和Duzce地震期间观测到的大规模地面变形和破坏机制。提出探索性研究的目标是：(1)对1999年土耳其Kocaeli和Duzce地震的地表断裂和液化引起的地面变形的现有数据进行汇编和组织；(2)对地震前后的航拍照片进行处理，绘制地表断裂和液化引起的永久位移矢量和沉降图；(3)在选定地区收集额外的地面调查，以及地质和岩土工程土壤剖面数据（例如SPT和CPT测深）；(4)在互联网上发布通过新的GIS平台（互联网地图服务器）收集的信息。

CMS0085306PI: Jean-Pierre BardetInstitution: University of Southern CaliforniaTitle: "GROUND DEFORMATION DUE TO SURFACE FAULTING AND LIQUEFACTION DURING THE 1999 KOCAELI AND DUZCE, TURKEY, EARTHQUAKES"AbstractDuring the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey, earthquakes, surface faultingcaused substantial damage to structures and lifelines. It is the first timethat surface faulting impacts urban and industrial areas to such an extent,and raises major concerns about our current practices in earthquakeengineering. During the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake, there was alsomajor damage due to liquefaction-induced lateral spreads and coastalsubsidences along the coasts of the Bay of Izmit and Lake Sapanca. Theobjective of this proposed exploratory research is to measure grounddeformations caused by surface faulting and liquefaction during the 1999Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey earthquakes. This information, which will bedisseminated to researchers and practitioners via the Internet, willcontribute to improving models for liquefaction-induced lateral spreads andmitigation criteria for surface faulting effects. The proposed exploratory research completes the work performed immediatelyafter the earthquakes by the earthquake reconnaissance teams andsubsequently by our research collaborators in Turkey. The discontinuousdislocations from surface faulting have already been mapped by geologists.However, the continuous fields of ground strain surrounding surfacefaulting have not yet been measured. The aerial photographs taken prior andafter the earthquakes are yet to be interpreted to yield a large-scaleunderstanding of ground deformation and failure mechanisms, especially instepovers between two strike-slip strands (e.g., Golcuk). The same imageprocessing techniques need also to be also applied for producing maps ofliquefaction-induced ground deformations (e.g., Sapanca Lake). Theprocessing and interpretation of aerial photographs will be instrumental inunderstanding the large-scale ground deformation and failure mechanismsobserved during the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey, earthquakes. The objectives of the proposed exploratory research are: (1) Compilationand organization of existing data on surface-faulting andliquefaction-induced ground deformation for the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce,Turkey, earthquakes; (2) Processing of aerial photographs taken prior toand after the earthquakes for producing maps of permanent displacementvectors and settlements induced by surface faulting and liquefaction; (3)Collection of additional ground surveys, and data on geology andgeotechnical soil profiles (e.g., SPT and CPT soundings) in selected areas;and (4) Dissemination of information collected thorough a new GIS platform(Internet Map Server) on the Internet.