The Ground Deformation & Failure in the Van Norman Complex After the 1994 North Earthquake

在1971年圣费尔南多地震发生23年后，1994年加州北岭地震对洛杉矶水电局（LADWP）范诺曼大楼的地基结构、水管系统和电气设备造成了重大破坏。特别是上、下圣费尔南多水坝、Tailrace和洛杉矶水库。在四个LADWP大地构造上测量了地面变形，LADWP复体内部和周围有17个强震记录。这个设备齐全的站点提供了一个特殊的机会来研究遭受严重（0.98 g）地面震动的可液化土壤和土结构的永久变形和破坏以及震后稳定性。该项目涉及三个机构：南加州大学（第一部分）、戴姆斯摩尔大学（第二部分）和凯斯西储大学（第三部分）。目的是分析1994年北岭地震后范诺曼复岩的地面变形和破坏；从研究和工程实践的角度来看，基于最先进的现场和实验室测量。三个研究小组的协调工作由南加州大学提供。第一部分（南加州大学）和第二部分（戴姆斯和摩尔）的目的是比较1971年和1994年的地面运动观测结果，并在有充分记录的实地研究中调查非线性动态有限元分析的有效性。第三部分（凯斯西储大学）的目标是利用单位能量法，在范诺曼综合区内一些可以进行实地观察和测量的地点，描述土壤的特征并确定其液化潜力。这些结果将汇集在一个数据库中，除了用于本项目的第一部分和第二部分外，还将提供给工程界。预计该项目将有助于实践工程师和监管机构评估土壤和土结构地震反应的可用模型的能力和局限性。此行动是为了支持第一部分（南加州大学）的合作研究项目。* * *

9416273 Bardet Twenty-three years after the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake, the 1994 Northridge, CA, Earthquake caused substantial damage to earth structures, water conduit systems, and electrical equipment of the Van Norman complex of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP); specifically the Lower and Upper San Fernando Dams, the Tailrace, and the Los Angeles Reservoir. Ground deformations were measured on four LADWP earth structures, and there were seventeen strong-motion recordings inside and around the LADWP complex. This well-instrumented site provides a special opportunity to study the permanent deformations and failure and the post-earthquake stability of liquefiable soils and earth structures subjected to severe (0.98 g) ground shaking. This project involves three institutions: the University of Southern California (Part I), Dames & Moore (Part II), and Case Western Reserve University (Part III). The objective is to analyze the ground deformations and failures in the Van Norman complex following the 1994 Northridge Earthquake; from both research and engineering-practice points of view, based on state- of-the-art field and laboratory measurements. Coordination of the three research teams is provided by the University of Southern California. The objective of Part I (University of Southern California) and Part II (Dames & Moore) is to compare the 1971 with the 1994 observations of ground motions, and to investigate the validity of nonlinear dynamic finite element analyses in well-documented field studies. The objective of Part III (Case Western Reserve University ) is to characterize the soil and to establish its liquefaction potential, using the unit energy method, at a number of sites in the Van Norman complex where field observations and measurements are available. The results will be assembled in a data base and made available to the engineering community, in addition to being used in Parts I & II of this project. It is expected that this project will assist practicing engineers and regulatory agencies to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of available models for the seismic response of soils and earth structures. This action is to support Part I (University of Southern California) of this collaborative research project. ***