Visual Signal Design, Perception and Mating Success in Bowerbirds

园丁鸟的视觉信号设计、感知和交配成功

• 批准号: 0089954
• 负责人: John Endler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2004-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0089954&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Visual; Signal; Design; Perception; Mating

Visual Signal Design, Perception, and Mating Success in BowerbirdsJohn A. EndlerSexual Selection can result in males with remarkably complex secondary sexual traits, and may be important in speciation because mating preferences drives it. Most studies of sexual selection have concentrated on the signal content rather than the design. By analogy with radio or TV transmission, animal signals consist of a carrier (e.g. a color pattern) or signal design and the content (e.g. advertising direct or genetic benefits to the female or her offspring of mating with a particular male). Although very general predictions about the evolution of signals can be made considering only signal content or genetics these models do not allow specific predictions about the details of the signals, nor do they predict how the carrier should evolve. For visual signals (color patterns), a knowledge of microhabitat, time, weather, viewing conditions during signaling and eye properties allows specific predictions about which colors and patterns should be used under specific conditions. This approach allows specific predictions about animal signals, regardless of signal content.In most animals, the visual signaler has little or no control over the appearance of its signals. In bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchidae) males construct and decorate bowers, which are used visually to attract mate. The fact that the bower is constructed rather than fixed means that the visual signal (bird + bower) is constrained only by what the birds can find, and makes it possible to examine the consequences of experimental manipulation of the signals in unrestrained animals in the field, and thus test hypotheses about visual contrast, perception, and fitness in natural populations. This project will study the design of Bowerbird visual signals using current models of early visual processing. Experiments will investigate: (1) whether or not visual contrast is maximized by bower design and location relative to diurnal patterns of light, shade and ambient light spectra; (2) the choice of objects in relation to Passerine bird vision, and whether or not male bowerbirds select objects which maximize the visual contrast to female bowerbirds of the bower and bird visual signal; and (3) whether bower visual contrast perceived by the birds successfully predicts mating. These approaches will be integrated in order to understand the function, design and evolution of visual signals. The study will also illuminate some aspects of the basis for color preferences. This will be the first fully integrated study of visual contrast, microhabitat choice, and function of a visual signal and should provide new insights into the direction of evolution of visual signals.

园丁鸟的视觉信号设计、感知与交配成功。Endler性选择可以导致具有非常复杂的第二性征的雄性，并且可能在物种形成中很重要，因为交配偏好驱动了它。与无线电或电视传输类似，动物信号由载体（例如颜色图案）或信号设计和内容（例如广告直接或遗传利益的女性或她的后代与特定的男性交配）组成。尽管可以仅考虑信号内容或遗传学来对信号的演变进行非常一般的预测，但这些模型不允许对信号的细节进行具体的预测，也不能预测携带者应该如何演变。对于视觉信号（颜色模式），微生境，时间，天气，信号和眼睛属性期间的观看条件的知识允许特定的预测，哪些颜色和模式应该在特定条件下使用。这种方法允许对动物信号进行特定的预测，而不考虑信号的内容。在大多数动物中，视觉信号发出者对其信号的外观几乎没有控制权。在园丁鸟（Ptilonorhynchidae）中，雄性建造和装饰园丁鸟，这是用来吸引配偶的视觉。凉亭是建造的而不是固定的，这意味着视觉信号（鸟+凉亭）只受鸟能找到的东西的约束，这使得研究野外不受约束的动物对信号进行实验操作的结果成为可能，从而检验关于自然种群中视觉对比度、感知和适应性的假设。这个项目将研究园丁鸟视觉信号的设计使用当前的早期视觉处理模型。实验将调查：（1）是否通过凉亭的设计和相对于昼夜光、影和环境光谱的位置来最大化视觉对比;（2）与雀形目鸟类视觉相关的物体的选择，以及雄性园丁鸟是否选择与雌性园丁鸟的凉亭和鸟类视觉信号的视觉对比最大化的物体;以及（3）鸟类感知到的bower视觉对比是否成功地预测了交配。这些方法将被整合，以了解视觉信号的功能，设计和演变。这项研究还将阐明颜色偏好的基础的一些方面。这将是第一个完全集成的视觉对比度，微生境的选择和功能的视觉信号的研究，并应提供新的见解的视觉信号的演变方向。