Phylogeny and evolution of Monoplacophora and basal Mollusca reconstructed by morphological and molecular data sets

通过形态和分子数据集重建单板纲和基底软体动物的系统发育和进化

• 批准号: 146556041
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Schrödl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Geschäftsstelle
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/146556041?language=en
• 关键词: Phylogeny; evolution; Monoplacophora; basal; Mollusca

New evidences from fossils, as well as microanatomical and molecular genetic results, have challenged textbook knowledge regarding the origin and relationships of major molluscan groups. The Monoplacophora (Tryblidia), which are famous as “living fossils”, could be the key to understanding the early molluscan evolution. However, they represent one of the last classes in the animal realm with minimum sequence data available, and thus are amongst the most wanted study objects by systematists. Extracted quality DNA and first sequences of three species (Micropilina sp., Neopilinidae sp., Laevipilina antarctica) are available to the applicant, and further species will be searched for. The here proposed project shall analyse monoplacophorans and other selected members of basal molluscan groups using 1) conservative standard sequence markers (complete 18S and 28S rDNA and Histone 3 gene), 2) mitochondrial genomics (especially gene arrangements), 3) a survey of hox genes, and 4) genes contributing to shell formation that will be explored as novel markers. Comparatively, structures of poorly known basal molluscs will be examined, and a very large set of morphological data will be established and analyzed phylogenetically. Exploring the hotly debated basal molluscan phylogeny will contribute to a better understanding of the origin and evolution of Mollusca, the molluscan shell, and other organs such as serially repeated structures.

来自化石的新证据，以及显微解剖学和分子遗传学的结果，已经挑战了教科书上关于主要软体动物群体的起源和关系的知识。单板目（Tryblidia）是研究早期软体动物演化的关键，有“活化石”之称。然而，它们代表了动物领域中最后一类具有最少序列数据的动物之一，因此是系统分类学家最想要的研究对象之一。提取了三个种（Micropilina sp.，新石首鱼科，Laevipilina anastritica），并将检索其他物种。本项目将利用以下方法分析单板目和其他选定的基础软体动物类群成员：1）保守的标准序列标记（完整的18S和28S rDNA和组蛋白3基因），2）线粒体基因组学（特别是基因排列），3）hox基因的调查，4）有助于壳形成的基因，这些基因将作为新的标记进行探索。相比较而言，我们将研究知之甚少的底栖软体动物的结构，并将建立一套非常大的形态学数据集，并对其进行遗传学分析。探讨软体动物的基本发育将有助于更好地理解软体动物的起源和进化，软体动物的外壳，以及其他器官，如连续重复的结构。