Phylogeny and evolution of Monoplacophora and basal Mollusca reconstructed by morphological and molecular data sets

通过形态和分子数据集重建单板纲和基底软体动物的系统发育和进化

• 批准号: 146556041
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Schrödl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Geschäftsstelle
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/146556041?language=en
• 关键词: Phylogeny; evolution; Monoplacophora; basal; Mollusca

New evidences from fossils, as well as microanatomical and molecular genetic results, have challenged textbook knowledge regarding the origin and relationships of major molluscan groups. The Monoplacophora (Tryblidia), which are famous as “living fossils”, could be the key to understanding the early molluscan evolution. However, they represent one of the last classes in the animal realm with minimum sequence data available, and thus are amongst the most wanted study objects by systematists. Extracted quality DNA and first sequences of three species (Micropilina sp., Neopilinidae sp., Laevipilina antarctica) are available to the applicant, and further species will be searched for. The here proposed project shall analyse monoplacophorans and other selected members of basal molluscan groups using 1) conservative standard sequence markers (complete 18S and 28S rDNA and Histone 3 gene), 2) mitochondrial genomics (especially gene arrangements), 3) a survey of hox genes, and 4) genes contributing to shell formation that will be explored as novel markers. Comparatively, structures of poorly known basal molluscs will be examined, and a very large set of morphological data will be established and analyzed phylogenetically. Exploring the hotly debated basal molluscan phylogeny will contribute to a better understanding of the origin and evolution of Mollusca, the molluscan shell, and other organs such as serially repeated structures.

来自化石的新证据以及显微解剖学和分子遗传学结果对教科书有关主要软体动物群体起源和关系的知识提出了挑战。被誉为“活化石”的单板纲动物（Tryblidia）可能是了解早期软体动物进化的关键。然而，它们代表了动物领域中可用序列数据最少的最后一类，因此是系统学家最想要的研究对象之一。申请人可以获得三个物种（Micropilina sp.、Neopilinidae sp.、Laevipilina antarctica）的提取优质 DNA 和第一序列，并将搜索更多物种。这里提出的项目将使用 1) 保守的标准序列标记（完整的 18S 和 28S rDNA 和组蛋白 3 基因）、2) 线粒体基因组学（特别是基因排列）、3) hox 基因调查和 4) 有助于壳形成的基因（将作为新标记进行探索）来分析单板类和其他选定的基础软体动物群体成员。相比之下，我们将检查鲜为人知的基础软体动物的结构，并建立大量形态学数据并进行系统发育分析。探索备受争议的基础软体动物系统发育将有助于更好地了解软体动物、软体动物外壳和其他器官（例如连续重复结构）的起源和进化。