Transcending The Digital Divide

超越数字鸿沟

• 批准号: 0099261
• 负责人: Reginald Golledge
• 金额: $ 44.84万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-01-15 至 2004-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0099261&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Transcending; Digital; Divide

Proposal # HRD-00-99261Institution: UC Santa BarbaraPrincipal Investigator: Reginald GolledgeTitle: "Transcending the Digital Divide"ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to develop, evaluate, and disseminate a non-visual interface for accessing digital information. The aim is to investigate the perceptual and cognitive problems that blind people face when trying to interpret information provided in a multimodal manner. The project also plans to provide touch sensitive and sound based network interface and navigation devices that incorporate cognitive wayfinding heuristics. Haptic (force feedback) interfaces will be provided for exploring web pages that consist of map, graphic, iconic or image products. Sound identifiers for on-screen windowed, map, and image information will also be provided. These tasks will contribute to transcending the Digital Divide that increasingly separates blind or vision impaired people from the growing information-based workplace. Recent research at UCSB has begun to explore how individuals identify features presented through sound and touch. Other research (e.g. O'Modhrrain and Gillespie, 1998; McKinley and Scott, 1998) have used haptics to explore screen objects such as windows, pulldown menus, buttons, and sliders; but map, graphic and other cartographic representations have not been explored. In particular, the potential of auditory maps of on-screen phenomena (e.g. as would be important in GIS applications) has barely been examined and few examples exist of combining audio and touch principles to build an interface. While imaginative efforts to build non-visual interfaces have been proceeding. there is a yet little empirical evidence that people without sight can use them effectively (i.e. develop a true representation of the experienced phenomena). Experiments will be undertaken to test the ability of vision impaired and sighted people from different age groups to use these new interface or features such as: (i) the haptic mouse or a touch window tied to auditory communication displays; (ii) digitized real sounds to indicate environmental features at their mapped locations; (iii) "sound painting" of maps, images, or charts to indicate gradients of phenomena like temperature, precipitation, pressure, population density and altitude. Tests will be developed to evaluate (i) the minimum resolvable area for the haptic interpretation of scenes; (ii) the development of skills for shape tracing in the sound or the force-feedback haptic domain, (iii) the possibility of using continuous or discreet sound symbols associated with touch sensitive pads to learn hierarchically nested screen information (e.g. locations of cities within regions within states within nations); (iv) to evaluate how dynamic activities such as scrolling, zooming, and searching can be conducted in the haptic or auditory domain, (v) to evaluate people's comprehension and ability to explore, comprehend, and make inferences about various non-visual interpretations of complex visual displays (e.g. maps and diagrams), and (vi) to explore the effectiveness of using a haptic mouse with a 2" square motion domain to search a 14" screen (i.e. scale effects).

提案编号 HRD-00-99261 机构：加州大学圣巴巴拉分校 首席研究员：Reginald Golledge 标题：“超越数字鸿沟” 摘要 本研究的目的是开发、评估和传播用于访问数字信息的非可视化界面。 目的是调查盲人在尝试解释以多模式方式提供的信息时面临的感知和认知问题。 该项目还计划提供触摸感应和基于声音的网络接口和导航设备，其中包含认知寻路启发法。 将提供触觉（力反馈）界面，用于探索由地图、图形、图标或图像产品组成的网页。 还将提供屏幕窗口、地图和图像信息的声音标识符。 这些任务将有助于超越数字鸿沟，数字鸿沟日益将盲人或视力受损的人与不断发展的信息化工作场所分开。 加州大学圣巴巴拉分校最近的研究已经开始探索个人如何识别通过声音和触摸呈现的特征。 其他研究（例如 O'Modhrrain 和 Gillespie，1998 年；McKinley 和 Scott，1998 年）使用触觉来探索屏幕对象，例如窗口、下拉菜单、按钮和滑块；但地图、图形和其他制图表示方法尚未得到探索。 特别是，屏幕上现象的听觉图的潜力（例如，在 GIS 应用中很重要）几乎没有被研究过，并且很少有结合音频和触摸原理来构建界面的例子。 与此同时，构建非视觉界面的富有想象力的努力一直在进行。 但几乎没有经验证据表明失明的人可以有效地使用它们（即对所经历的现象进行真实的表征）。 将进行实验来测试不同年龄组的视力受损和视力正常的人使用这些新界面或功能的能力，例如：（i）触觉鼠标或与听觉通信显示器相连的触摸窗； (ii) 数字化真实声音以指示其绘制位置的环境特征； (iii) 地图、图像或图表的“声音绘画”，以指示温度、降水、压力、人口密度和海拔等现象的梯度。 将开发测试来评估（i）场景触觉解释的最小可解析区域； (ii) 开发声音或力反馈触觉领域中的形状追踪技能，(iii) 使用与触摸感应板相关的连续或离散声音符号来学习分层嵌套屏幕信息的可能性（例如，国家内区域内城市的位置）； (iv) 评估如何在触觉或听觉领域进行动态活动，如滚动、缩放和搜索，(v) 评估人们对复杂视觉显示（例如地图和图表）的各种非视觉解释的理解力和探索、理解和推断的能力，以及 (vi) 探索使用具有 2 英寸方形运动域的触觉鼠标来搜索目标的有效性。 14英寸屏幕（即比例效果）。