Off-Route Strategies in Non-Visual Navigation

非视觉导航中的偏离路线策略

• 批准号: 9818545
• 负责人: Reginald Golledge
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-03-15 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9818545&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Off; Route; Strategies; Non; Visual

The project addresses the effects of learning method on route comprehension of visually impaired people, and it will determine if changes in geographic scale alter the effectiveness of selected learning media. An understanding of how different methods of learning affect route comprehension will allow current spatial knowledge acquisition theory and orientation and mobility training to be assessed and, if necessary, improved. Traversing space is one of the most cognitively demanding tasks faced by visually impaired people, and often invokes fear of being lost or disorientated. For these reasons there is a need to identify effective strategies of spatial learning that can contribute to the mobility and quality of life of visually impaired people.In the first experiment 24 visually impaired people will learn three short routes across a University campus (in counterbalanced order). Each route will be learnt using a different learning method. The 24 subjects will be divided into 4 groups who will learn the route in a different order. The 3 conditions will be (1) pointing to places along the route, (2) making a map of the route, and (3) verbally describing the route. A further (control) group of ten visually impaired subjects will learn the route without any given strategy. Each trial will be video recorded. The three strategies selected are "off-route" strategies. Participants' route learning performance will be measured in several ways: the number of trials required to achieve successful route learning; number of errors made; types of errors; self-reported confidence measures; and assessment by independent judges of performance, hesitancy, and confidence.In the second experiment, 16 participants will learn a route 1.4 miles long through a complex urban environment. Participants will be divided into two conditions. In the first condition, they will learn the route using the most successful strategy from Experiment 1. In the second condition, they will learn the route using no given strategy. Sample sizes in both experiments are relatively small due to the difficulty of recruiting visually impaired participants, but the number of participants and number of trials will be greater than in previous experiments of way-finding and therefore should provide definitive results. By collecting data in a small-scale (university campus) and a large-scale environment (suburban neighborhood) we may find that spatial knowledge acquisition focuses on different cognition tasks at different scales. For the development of an effective orientation and mobility training program, these tasks may be operationalized via one or more simple geographic-based environmental learning procedures.The research addresses important theoretical questions relating to spatial learning and cognition, providing further insights into how visually impaired people construct, store, and utilize spatial knowledge. In so doing, it will address practical issues relating to the improvement of current orientation and mobility training.

该项目解决了学习方法对视障人士路线理解的影响，并将确定地理尺度的变化是否会改变所选学习媒体的有效性。了解不同的学习方法如何影响路线理解，将使目前的空间知识获取理论和方向和流动性培训进行评估，并在必要时，改进。穿越空间是视障人士面临的最高认知要求的任务之一，并且经常引起对迷路或迷失方向的恐惧。由于这些原因，有必要确定有效的空间学习策略，可以有助于视障人士的流动性和生活质量。在第一个实验中，24名视障人士将学习三条短路线穿过大学校园（按平衡顺序）。每一条路线都将使用不同的学习方法来学习。24名受试者将被分为4组，他们将以不同的顺序学习路线。这三个条件是（1）指向沿着的地点，（2）绘制路线地图，（3）口头描述路线。另一组（对照）10名视力受损的受试者将学习路线，没有任何给定的策略。每次试验都将进行录像。所选的三种战略都是“偏离路线”战略。参与者的路线学习表现将通过几种方式进行衡量：成功学习路线所需的尝试次数;犯错误的次数;错误的类型;自我报告的信心措施;以及独立法官对表现、犹豫和信心的评估。在第二个实验中，16名参与者将学习一条1.4英里长的路线，穿过复杂的城市环境。参赛者将分为两种情况。在第一种情况下，他们将使用实验1中最成功的策略学习路线。在第二种情况下，他们将学习路线使用没有给定的策略。由于难以招募视力受损的参与者，这两个实验的样本量都相对较小，但参与者的数量和试验的数量将大于以前的寻路实验，因此应该提供明确的结果。通过在小尺度（大学校园）和大尺度（郊区社区）环境中收集数据，我们发现空间知识的获取在不同尺度下侧重于不同的认知任务。为了开发有效的定向和移动训练计划，这些任务可以通过一个或多个简单的基于地理的环境learning procedure.The研究解决了与空间学习和认知相关的重要理论问题，为视障人士如何构建，存储和利用空间知识提供了进一步的见解。在此过程中，它将处理与改进目前的定向和机动培训有关的实际问题。