Dissertation Research: Local Controls of Landscape Abundance Patterns of a Stream Salamander.

论文研究：溪流蝾螈景观丰度模式的局部控制。

• 批准号: 0105091
• 负责人: Douglas Bolger
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-15 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0105091&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Local; Controls; Landscape

0105091BolgerThis research investigates local and landscape-scale controls on the abundance of the spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (Plethodontidae), in headwater streams throughout the northeastern United States. Spring salamander abundance is negatively related to (1) post-timber harvest accumulation of sediment in streams, (2) the presence of predatory brook trout, and (3) distance to other streams which are potential immigrant sources. Experiments exploring the combined effects of sediment level and brook trout on spring salamander survival are proposed. These experiments will address the hypothesis that post-harvest sediment input reduces the survival of larval spring salamanders in streams occupied by brook trout by reducing the availability of refuges among the rocks of the streambed. Species abundance is controlled by factors acting both locally and at the landscape-scale. Local controls include within-population reproduction and survival rates. Landscape-scale controls are a function of dispersal rates among populations. Landscape-scale controls have been shown to be critical to species persistence in natural systems affected by human activities, but are poorly understood in stream systems. These experiments will elucidate how habitat disturbance affects species interactions in headwater streams and will permit the assessment of the mitigating influence of among-stream dispersal. This analysis will expand understanding of the basic ecology of stream species, and significantly improve the effectiveness of recovery strategies for these species following timber harvest.

本研究调查了美国东北部水源中春季蝾螈（Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Plethodontidae）数量的地方和景观控制。春季蝾螈的丰度与以下因素呈负相关：(1)木材采伐后溪流中沉积物的积累，(2)掠食性鳟鱼的存在，以及(3)与其他潜在移民来源溪流的距离。提出了沉积物水平和鳟鱼对春季蝾螈生存的联合影响实验。这些实验将解决一个假设，即收获后的沉积物输入通过减少河床岩石之间的避难所的可用性，减少了小溪鳟鱼占据的溪流中春季蝾螈幼虫的存活率。物种丰度受局部和景观尺度因素的控制。局部控制包括种群内繁殖和存活率。景观尺度的控制是种群间扩散速率的函数。在受人类活动影响的自然系统中，景观尺度的控制已被证明对物种的持久性至关重要，但在河流系统中却知之甚少。这些实验将阐明栖息地干扰如何影响源流中的物种相互作用，并将允许评估溪流间分散的缓解影响。这一分析将扩大对河流物种基本生态学的认识，并显著提高木材采伐后这些物种恢复策略的有效性。