Dissertation Research: Common Property-Uncommon Interests: Pastoral resource management and eco-tourism in the Reserva de Huascaran, Peru

本文采用生态人类学的研究方法，研究了秘鲁安卡姆高原生物圈保护区传统牧场利用和公共财产管理的影响因素。该项目研究以自给自足为基础的农牧家庭之间的生态旅游和牧地利用的相互作用。研究中探索的理论有助于我们理解混合自给市场经济中的个人决策、共同财产资源管理和保护。这些假说将检验牛群规模和构成的变化与生态旅游业产生的激励之间的联系；具体地说，家庭收入正在投资于牲畜，而且偏好正在转向适合来访游客所需的搬运和运输服务的动物。对市场参与度、货币收入和牲畜拥有量的家庭调查将有助于跟踪最近与家庭经济活动变化相关的牛群规模和构成的变化。这项研究将通过考虑与市场参与有关的社会经济变化如何影响位于保护区核心保护区的共同财产牧场的使用，扩展对自给自足--市场衔接的分析。将测试关于使用共同财产牧场的决定与家庭财富和劳动力差异的假设，并将另外探索现有共同财产机构如何管理不同家庭的资源使用。样本家庭的时空羊群行为将通过参与者观察和时间分配数据进行评估，这些数据将与现有的地理信息系统相联系。对空间和时间放牧行为的观察将通过对共同财产牧场的植被/土壤分析来补充。这项研究将有助于理解家庭、社区和景观不同规模的资源利用的生态学；以及进一步就许多生物圈保护区共同的发展选择的可持续性进行的辩论。它还将有助于培养一位年轻的社会科学家，并增进我们对这一重要高原地区的了解。

This dissertation research in ecological anthropology studies the factors affecting traditional pasture use and common property management in a highland biosphere reserve in Ancash, Peru. The project studies the interaction of ecotourism and pastoral land use among subsistence-based agro-pastoral households. The theories explored in the research contribute to our understanding of individual decision-making, common property resource management, and conservation in mixed subsistence-market economies. Hypotheses will be tested that link changes in herd size and composition to incentives generated by the ecotourism industry; specifically that household earnings are being invested in livestock and that the preference is shifting toward animals suited for the portering and transport services demanded by visiting tourists. Household surveys of market participation, monetary income and livestock ownership will help to track recent changes in herd size and composition associated with recent changes in household economic activity. The study will extend the analysis of subsistence-market articulation by considering how the socio-economic changes associated with market involvement affect the use of common property pastures located in the core-protected area of the reserve. Hypotheses will be tested that link decisions regarding the use of common property pastures to differences in household wealth and labor, and will additionally explore how existing common property institutions manage the resource use of diverse households. The spatial and temporal herding behaviors of sample households will be assessed by participant observation and time allocation data, which will be linked to an existing geographic information system. Observations of spatial and temporal herding behaviors will be supplemented by vegetation/soil analyses of common property pastures. This research will contribute to an understanding of the ecology of resource use at different scales of the household, community, and landscape; as well as further ongoing debates about the sustainability of development options common to many biosphere reserves. It will also contribute to the training of a young social scientist and advance our knowledge about this important highland region.