2D and 1D Heterojunction and Heterodimensional Devices for Optoelectronics

摘要：本文的目的是研究和利用由于电子运动限制在小于三维空间而产生的一些特性。约束电子行为的研究对包括晶体管、光发射器和传感器在内的所有半导体器件都产生了巨大的技术影响。我们特别关注的是新型光学探测器的设计、研究、制造、表征和测试，这些探测器使用由于降维而改变的传导状态，同时实现：a)由于电子云的影响而产生的低暗电流，b)由于限制电子云的辅助电场而产生的高响应性，c)由于吸收深度的减少和包含形成谐振腔结构的布拉格反射器而产生的高速度，d)由于布拉格条件而具有波长过滤能力。将进行全面的器件建模和仿真，特别强调瞬态行为的研究。基于不同材料体系的下一代器件将被构建，3D和2D之间接触的研究将扩展到金属接触到1D导线的情况。简而言之，我们提出了一个限制电子效应的基础研究，有助于一系列新器件的发展。这些器件构成了制造一个完整的高灵敏度光学传感器所需的所有元素，无论是用于生物成像的近红外探测器还是千兆以太网接收器。

Abstract: The intent of this proposal is to study and exploit to advantage some of the properties arising from confinement of electron motion to less than three dimensions. The study of confined electron behavior has had tremendous technological impact on all semiconductor devices including transistors, light emitters, and sensors. Our particular focus is on the design, study, fabrication, characterization, and testing of novel optical detectors that use altered regime of conduction due to reduced dimensionality to simultaneously achieve: a) low dark current due to the effect of the electron cloud, b) high responsivity due to the aiding electric field that confines the electron cloud, c) high speed due to reduction of absorption depth and inclusion of a Bragg reflector that forms a resonant cavity structure, and d) wavelength-filtering capability due to Bragg condition. A comprehensive device modeling and simulation with particular stress on the study of transient behavior will be performed. Next generation devices based on different material systems will be constructed and the study of contacts between 3D and 2D will be extended to the case of metallic contacts to 1D wires. In short, we propose a fundamental study of confined electron effects that contributes to the development of a family of novel devices. These devices constitute all the required elements for making a complete high sensitivity optical sensor, be it a near infrared detector for biological imaging or a gigabit Ethernet receiver.