Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Production of Architectural Artifacts: An Analysis of Cliff-Dwellings in the Northern Sierra, Sonora, Mexico

在 Patricia Crown 博士的指导下，Elizabeth Bagwell 女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。 她将指导一群经验丰富的志愿者对位于墨西哥索诺拉州和奇瓦瓦州边境的西马德雷山脉的四个悬崖住宅进行密集的建筑记录。据信，这些 5 到 20 间房间的土坯建筑与东边 40 公里处的卡萨斯格兰德斯（或帕奎姆）区域中心位于同一时期，其历史可追溯至大约 1970 年。公元 1100-1475 年。 巴格韦尔女士将检查这些遗址，以确定北墨西哥史前社会的建筑生产是如何组织的。虽然全职建筑专家可能需要建造阿兹特克人等更复杂的社会中常见的金字塔和宫殿，但考古学家对专家在普通民众的日常房屋建设中的作用知之甚少。 对建筑的技术分析是确定专家是否帮助建造这些建筑的一种方法。 由专家建造的建筑物应该比由非专家建造的建筑物更加统一。原材料成分、制造技术以及一次建造多个结构的计划都与建筑专家相关。因此，这项工作将比较这些属性及其随时间的产生。随着时间的推移，获得对建筑生产的精细了解的一种方法是使用树木年轮测定法，这种技术利用树木的粗细年轮图案（很像条形码）来确定树木死亡的年份，并通过关联来确定建筑物的建造年份。 树木年轮产生的时间信息将与技术数据相结合，以创建建筑历史和定居点增长模式。最终，如果确定了统一的属性，它们将被解释为史前建筑专家的证据。 巴格韦尔女士的研究将有助于理解非国家社会中建筑生产的组织方式。它还将扩大我们对鲜为人知的北墨西哥的了解，并建立这些遗址与其他当代群体（如霍霍卡姆、卡萨斯格兰德斯、索诺拉河和阿尼马斯）之间的关系。最后，这项研究将向建立该地区急需的年表迈进一步。

Under the direction of Dr. Patricia Crown, MS Elizabeth Bagwell will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will direct a crew of experienced volunteers in intensive architectural recording at four cliff-dwellings located in the Sierra Madre Occidental along the border between the states of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico. These five to twenty room adobe buildings are believed to be contemporaneous with the regional center of Casas Grandes (or Paquime) 40 km to the east, which dates to ca. A.D. 1100-1475. MS Bagwell will examine these sites to determine how the production of architecture was organized among prehistoric societies in Northern Mexico. While full-time building specialists were probably necessary to build the pyramids and palaces common in more complex societies like the Aztecs, archaeologists know very little about the role of specialists in the every-day construction of the homes of the common people. A technological analysis of architecture is one way to determine if specialists helped produce these buildings. Buildings built by specialists should be more uniform than those built by non-specialists. Raw material composition, manufacturing techniques and planned construction of more than one structure at a time has been associated with architectural specialists. Therefore this work will compare these attributes and their production through time. One way of gaining a fine-grained understanding of architectural production through time is with tree-ring dating, a technique that uses the pattern of thick and thin growth rings in a tree, much like a bar code, to determine the year that the tree died and by association the year that the structure was built. Temporal information resulting from tree-rings will be combined with technological data to create construction histories and settlement growth patterns. Ultimately, if uniform attributes are identified, they will be interpreted as evidence of prehistoric architectural specialists. MS Bagwell's research will contribute to the understanding of the way architectural production was organized in non-state societies. It will also expand our knowledge of a poorly understood Northern Mexico and establish the relationship between these sites and other contemporary groups such as the Hohokam, Casas Grandes, Rio Sonora and Animas. Finally, this research will move one step closer to establishing a badly needed chronology for the region.