Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Role of Standardization in Specialization of Ceramic Production at San Marcos Pueblo, New Mexico

在帕特里夏·克朗博士的监督下，卡里·施莱赫将对圣马科斯普韦布洛祖先普韦布洛遗址的陶器进行博士研究。圣马科斯位于新墨西哥州的北方格兰德河地区，从13世纪开始被占领，直到1680年的普韦布洛起义。在最大的前西班牙普韦布洛，圣马科斯是独特的作用，作为一个生产中心的釉彩陶器。陶罐是用当地材料制作的，并出口到整个地区的其他村庄。Schleher的研究将使用圣马科斯的陶瓷来测试考古学家用来重建过去社会经济专业化水平的假设。 这个假设是，锅越标准化（统一），经济专业化程度越高。这种假设是有问题的，因为标准化和专业化生产之间的关系并不明确。研究现代群体的人类学家发现，专家的产品并不总是标准化的。Schleher女士将通过研究标准化是如何发生的以及圣马科斯陶器的标准化是为了什么来验证这一假设。这个考古遗址是研究所提出的问题的理想场所，因为釉彩陶器的生产从大约公元1400年到1550年加强。生产强度，即在给定的单位时间内生产的产品数量，随着陶艺家制作陶器所花费的时间而变化。圣马科斯陶艺家专业化的证据是，在北方格兰德河的现代村庄里发现了大量用当地材料制作的釉彩陶器。在其他村庄生产圣马科斯陶器的频率增加，表明生产强度增加。因此，该网站是一个理想的情况下，检查如何标准化的变化与增加和减少专业化生产的强度。Schleher女士将研究圣马科斯陶器的容器形式、技术和装饰的标准化。她还将对从圣马科斯出口的陶器进行比较，以确定出口的陶器是否比普韦布洛的陶器更标准化。她将使用岩相学，微探针分析和非破坏性分析来收集标准化和标准化随时间变化的数据。这项研究的学术价值在于，它将有助于理解考古记录中的专业化生产强度是如何可见的。它将有助于发展专门工艺生产的理论模型，并将帮助考古学家解释过去社会的经济复杂程度。 这项研究的广泛影响是多方面的。除了对其他人类学家的这些好处外，进行这项研究将为作者提供专业培训。在美国西南部，这项研究对现代普韦布洛陶工很感兴趣。圣马科斯的陶瓷技术和用于制作陶器的材料引起了科奇蒂普韦布洛陶艺家的兴趣，他们可能是圣马科斯古代居民的后裔。此外，拥有普韦布洛的考古保护协会将把这项研究纳入对该遗址的解释中。

Under the supervision of Dr. Patricia Crown, Kari Schleher will conduct her doctoral research on the pottery from the Ancestral Puebloan site of San Marcos Pueblo. San Marcos is located in the Northern Rio Grande region of New Mexico and was occupied from the 13th century until the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Among the largest of prehispanic pueblos, San Marcos is unique in its role as a production center of glaze-painted pottery. Pots were made with local materials and exported to other villages throughout the region. Schleher's research will use the ceramics from San Marcos to test an assumption used by archaeologists to reconstruct the level of economic specialization of past societies. This assumption is that the more standardized (uniform) the pots are, the higher the degree of economic specialization. This assumption is problematic because the relationship between standardization and specialized production is not clear. Anthropologists studying modern groups have found that specialists' products are not always standardized. Ms. Schleher will test this assumption by examining how standardization occurs and for what attributes standardization occurs on pottery from San Marcos. This archaeological site is ideal for examining the proposed question because production of glaze-painted pottery intensified from approximately AD 1400 to 1550. Intensity of production, the number of goods produced in a given unit of time, varies with the amount of time potters spend making pots. The evidence for specialization by potters at San Marcos is large quantities of glaze-painted pottery made with local materials found at contemporary villages located throughout the Northern Rio Grande. Increase in frequency of pottery from San Marcos at other villages indicates an increased intensity of production. Thus, the site is an ideal situation to examine how standardization varies with increasing and decreasing intensity of specialized production. Ms. Schleher will examine standardization of vessel form, technology, and decoration of pottery from San Marcos. She will also examine a comparative collection of pottery exported from San Marcos to determine if exported ceramics are more or less standardized than those remaining at the Pueblo. She will use petrographic, microprobe analysis, and non-destructive analyzes to collect data on standardization and changes in standardization through time. The intellectual merit of this research is that it will contribute to an understanding of how specialized production intensity is visible in the archaeological record. It will contribute to the development of theoretical models of specialized craft production and will help archaeologists interpret the degree of economic complexity in past societies. The broader impacts of the study are numerous. In addition to these benefits to other anthropologists, conducting this research will provide the author with professional training. Within the American Southwest, this research is of interest to modern Puebloan potters. The ceramic technology and the materials used to make pots at San Marcos are of interest to potters at Cochiti Pueblo, the likely descendents of the ancient residents of San Marcos. In addition, the Archaeological Conservancy, who owns the Pueblo, will include this research in interpretations of the site for the public.