Statistical Bases of Reading and Spelling

阅读和拼写的统计基础

• 批准号: 0130763
• 负责人: Rebecca Treiman
• 金额: $ 30.49万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0130763&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Statistical; Bases; Reading; Spelling

The goal of the research is to learn more about the relationships between spellings and sounds in English and to use this information as a basis for studying the processes that are involved in spelling and reading. Most previous studies of English reading and spelling have concentrated on short, simple words, those that contain a single syllable. This research will go beyond past work by studying words that are longer and more complex. Such words are frequently encountered by children and adults, and it is important to understand how they are dealt with. Computer methods will examine the links between spellings and sounds in a comprehensive database of English words. The research is based on the hypothesis that, even when it is not possible to predict exactly how a given sound will be spelled or how a given letter will be pronounced, there are a number of factors that can help narrow the range of alternatives. For example, consideration of a unit's position in the word and the identity of the surrounding units can help decrease the degree of uncertainty. The research will study these factors in both the adult vocabulary and the words that are seen by children of various ages. The results of this phase of the research are expected to show that the English writing system, although complex, is more systematic than commonly believed. A series of behavioral studies will examine children's and adults' use of the statistical patterns. In addition, analysis of data from an extensive study of adults' reading of a very large number of words is expected to find that adults and even children are sensitive to the statistical patterns in the input. However, the research is further guided by the hypothesis that learners pick up some types of patterns in the system more easily than others. For example, patterns involving letters that are not adjacent to one another may be difficult for children to learn. The results should thus help to show which aspects of the English writing system are especially difficult to master and why. The findings should shed light on the nature of the English writing system and the way in which it is learned and used. They should have implications for theories of literacy and literacy development and for the understanding and prevention of reading difficulties.

本研究的目的是进一步了解英语中拼写和发音之间的关系，并以此为基础研究拼写和阅读的过程。 以前大多数关于英语阅读和拼写的研究都集中在短而简单的单词上，这些单词包含一个音节。 这项研究将超越过去的工作，研究更长，更复杂的单词。 儿童和成人经常会遇到这样的词语，了解如何处理这些词语是很重要的。 计算机方法将在一个全面的英语单词数据库中检查拼写和发音之间的联系。 这项研究基于这样一个假设：即使不可能准确预测一个给定的声音将如何拼写，或者一个给定的字母将如何发音，也有一些因素可以帮助缩小替代方案的范围。 例如，考虑一个单元在单词中的位置和周围单元的身份可以帮助减少不确定性的程度。 这项研究将研究这些因素在两个成人词汇和词汇，是由不同年龄的儿童看到。 这一阶段的研究结果预计将表明，英语写作系统，虽然复杂，比通常认为的更系统。 一系列的行为研究将检查儿童和成人对统计模式的使用。 此外，对来自对成人阅读非常大量的单词的广泛研究的数据的分析预计会发现，成人甚至儿童对输入中的统计模式敏感。 然而，研究进一步指导的假设，学习者拿起系统中的某些类型的模式比其他更容易。 例如，涉及彼此不相邻的字母的图案对于儿童来说可能很难学习。 因此，研究结果应该有助于说明英语写作系统的哪些方面特别难掌握，以及为什么。 这些发现将有助于我们了解英语写作系统的本质以及学习和使用英语写作系统的方式。 它们应该对识字和识字发展理论以及对理解和预防阅读困难产生影响。