Dissertation Research: The Tainted Gift: A comparative study of the framings of risk and safety of the contamination of the blood supply with AIDS virus in France and the U.S

论文研究：受污染的礼物：法国和美国艾滋病病毒血液供应污染风险和安全框架的比较研究

• 批准号: 0135920
• 负责人: Stephen Hilgartner
• 金额: $ 0.8万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-01-15 至 2003-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0135920&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Tainted; Gift; comparative

This dissertation research project proposes to examine how framings of risk and safety, and understandings about which entities pose risks, change over time, and how these changes influence political, technical, social, and medical decisions. It will focus on the contamination of the blood supply with the AIDS virus in France and the United States. Through examination of the dynamic process of risk perception and the construction of conceptual objects of risk from a network of elements, this study will trace an episode of contention of science and/or politics, and grapple with the question of why attempts to contain crisis can often have the opposite effect. The contamination of blood during the early 1980s provides a particularly good site for tracing the succession and interaction of conceptual objects of risk. The proposed project covers the mid-1980s when the etiology of AIDS was not well understood, and when knowledge about the disease was evolving rapidly. In addition, the populations "at risk" for the disease were not yet well defined. Hemophiliacs framed the threat in terms of their previous experience with hepatitis, blood bankers struggled against a threat to an adequate supply of blood, and doctors in both countries identified antibodies to the virus as indicators of protection and as indicators of infection. The study of AIDS in the blood supply by tracing risk objects can provide a better understanding of the dynamics of risk more generally. It is socially significant for assessing the role of risk perception, identification, and change in policy making processes, and can point to new ways of producing knowledge about potential risk for scholars and professionals in policy-related areas, public health, risk management, and health-related fields, particularly when dealing with situations of great uncertainty and grave potential consequences, such as AIDS in the 1980s or variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease today. NSF funds will pay primarily for archival work in the Washington/Baltimore area, which has the largest number of interview and research sites relevant to the project.

这项论文研究项目建议研究风险和安全的构架以及对哪些实体构成风险，随时间变化以及这些变化如何影响政治，技术，社会和医疗决策的理解。它将着重于法国和美国对艾滋病病毒的血液供应污染。通过检查风险感知的动态过程以及从元素网络中构建风险的概念对象，这项研究将追溯到科学和/或政治争论的情节，并努力解决为什么试图遏制危机的问题通常会产生相反的效果。 1980年代初期血液的污染为追踪风险概念对象的继任和相互作用提供了一个特别好的地点。拟议的项目涵盖了1980年代中期，当艾滋病的病因尚未得到充分了解时，以及有关疾病的知识正在迅速发展时。此外，该疾病的“有风险”的人群尚未得到很好的定义。血友病患者以先前患有肝炎的经验来构成威胁，血管生产者斗争对足够的血液供应的威胁，两国的医生都确定对病毒的抗体是保护的指标和感染指标。通过追踪风险对象来研究血液供应的辅助工具可以更好地了解风险动态。它对于评估政策制定过程中的风险感知，认同和变化的作用具有社会意义，并且可以指向在与政策相关领域，公共卫生，风险管理和与健康相关的领域的潜在风险中产生有关潜在风险的知识的新方法，尤其是在涉及1980年代的巨大不确定性和严重的潜在后果时，尤其是在涉及巨大的不确定和严重的潜在后果时。 NSF资金将主要用于华盛顿/巴尔的摩地区的档案工作，该公司的面试数量最多，研究地点与该项目相关。