Programmable Quantum Processors

0139692 Hillery量子信息是一个研究用量子力学系统来表示和处理信息的新兴领域。目前的计算机是经典的设备，用比特表示信息，比特可以是0或1。量子计算机用量子比特表示信息，量子比特有可能同时为0和1。这导致了对经典信息和量子信息所能做的事情的深刻区别。在本项目中，我们将研究可编程量子信息处理逻辑电路。到目前为止，已经提出的大多数量子电路执行的是单一任务。必须超越这一点，并能够设计具有两个输入的电路，一个是要操作的数据，另一个是对要执行的操作进行编码的程序。数据和程序都是量子态。这些电路可以是确定性的，总是成功地执行所需的操作，或者是概率的，只在某些时间执行操作。与确定性电路相比，概率电路可以执行的运算类别要大得多。我们想研究如何设计电路来执行特定的操作集，如何最好地将这些操作编码成量子态，以及如何在概率处理器中优化成功执行所需操作的概率。

0139692 HilleryQuantum information is a new field that studies the representation and processing of information by quantum mechanical systems. Present computers, which are classical devices, represent information by bits, which can be either 0 or 1. A quantum computer represents information by qubits, which have the potential to be 0 and 1 simultaneously. This leads to profound differences in what can be done with classical and quantum information. In this project we will study programmable quantum information processing logic circuits. Most of the quantum circuits that have been proposed so far perform a single task. It is essential to go beyond this and to be able to design circuits with two inputs, one the data to be acted upon and the second, the program, that encodes the operation be performed. Both the data and the program are quantum states. These circuits can be either deterministic, succeeding in performing the desired operation all of the time, or probabilistic, performing the operation only some of the time. Probabilistic circuits can perform a much larger class of operations than can deterministic ones. We want to study how one can design circuits to perform specific sets of operations, how these operations are to best be encoded into quantum states, and how to optimize the probability of successfully performing the desired operation in a probabilistic processor.