Micron and Submicron Aerosol Transport in Representative Human Conducting Zones

毒物学家和监管机构在评估可能的健康影响时，尤其是在产业工人、儿童和老年人等弱势群体中，详细和准确地了解有毒颗粒在人体呼吸系统中沉积的知识是最重要的。对于药物气雾剂，最好是预测药物到达目标肺部区域的位置和浓度。在这个项目中，将开发一个经过实验验证的计算机模拟模型，以预测和分析具有代表性的人体传导区域中的微米和亚微米气溶胶传输。本项目中将对气流、颗粒传输和颗粒沉积进行计算机模拟和分析，这是为有毒颗粒和气溶胶领域的研究问题提供答案的宝贵工具。将进行的计算流体-颗粒动力学研究最有用的是：(A)由监管机构进行的暴露-剂量-健康效应的定量研究；(B)假设/效应测试，例如空气-颗粒入口条件、呼吸道几何特征和颗粒特性；(C)呼吸系统疾病患者(即部分阻塞的呼吸道)和正常人之间上呼吸道颗粒物沉积的比较研究；(D)开发用于全肺表示的瞬时一维颗粒沉积模型；以及(E)对有毒或治疗性气雾剂的生物影响分析感兴趣的医学研究人员；以及(F)用于开发药物气雾剂和随后的肺部部位靶向或制造商和制药公司感兴趣的研究。研究结果将通过同行评议的期刊文章、综述章节、会议演示和流体-颗粒流动可视化来进行，以影响教科书的编写、教学和学习。

0201271KleinstreuerThe knowledge of detailed and accurate deposition of toxic particles in the human respiratory system is most important for toxicologists and regulatory agencies to use in evaluating possible health effects, especially in vulnerable population groups such as industrial workers, children, and the elderly. For drug aerosols, it is desirable to predict where and at what concentration the medicine reaches targeted lung areas. In this project an experimentally validated computer simulation model will be developed to predict and analyze micron and submicron aerosol transport in representative human conducting zones.Computer simulations and analyses of airflow, particle transport, and particle deposition such as to be made in this project are invaluable tools to provide answers to research problems in both toxic particles and aerosol areas. The computational fluid-particle dynamics studies to be conducted are most useful for: (a) quantitative exposure-dose-and-health-effect studies done by regulatory agencies; (b) hypotheses/effect testing, e.g., air-particle inlet conditions, airway geometry features, and particle characteristics; (c) comparison studies on particulate matter deposition in upper airways between people with respiratory diseases (i.e., partially occluded airways) and normal individuals; (d) the development of transient one-dimensional particle deposition models for whole-lung representations; as well as (e) for medical researchers interested in biological impact analyses of toxic or therapeutic aerosols; and (f) for the development of drug aerosol inhalers and subsequent lung site targeting or interest to manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies.Dissemination of results from the investigations will be made through peer-reviewed journal articles, review chapters, conference presentations, and fluid-particle flow visualizations to impact textbook writing, teaching, and learning.