Studies of Supernovae and Supernova Remnants

Pi Kirshner这是一个勤奋观察和分析超新星爆炸的程序。目标是了解恒星爆炸的机制，评估超新星对宇宙重元素浓缩的贡献，并将超新星爆炸用作测量宇宙膨胀历史的工具。许多人已经开始寻找超新星，但这些发现只有在后续行动后才能带来更多的了解。在跟踪超新星方面，这个团队一直是世界上最有效的团队之一--部分原因是霍普金斯火山的理想仪器。在接下来的几年里，6.5米的MMT将随着南半球的两个麦哲伦望远镜的非凡机会而出现。他们还在翻新位于霍普金斯火山的1.3米前的2MASS巡天望远镜，以增加世界上的红外数据供应。该小组在使用Ia型超新星作为测量河外距离的准确工具方面取得了出色的进展。这导致了对宇宙膨胀率的测量，对宇宙年龄的估计，高红移时时间膨胀的证明，一种探测大尺度流动的方法，并给出了宇宙加速的唯一直接证据。超新星观测揭示，宇宙的三分之二是暗能量，类型尚未确定，这一发现与基础物理学有着深刻的共鸣。

PI KirshnerThis is a program of diligent observation and analysis of supernova explosions. The goalsare to understand the mechanisms by which stars explode, to assess the supernovacontribution to the heavy element enrichment of the Universe, and to use supernovaexplosions as tools for measuring the expansion history of the Universe. Many people haveembarked on finding supernovae, but these discoveries only lead to increased understanding when they are followed up. This group has been one of the most effective teams in the world at following supernovae -- in part because of the ideal instrumentation at Mount Hopkins . In the coming years, the 6.5 meter MMT will become available along with the extraordinary opportunities at the two Magellan telescopes in the southern hemisphere. They are also refurbishing the 1.3 meter former 2MASS survey telescope at Mount Hopkins to augment the world's supply of infrared data. The group has made excellent progress in using Type Ia supernovae as accurate tools to measure extragalactic distances. This leads to a measurement of the expansion rate of the Universe, an estimate for the age of the Universe, demonstration of time dilation at high redshift, a way to detect large scale flows, and gives the only direct evidence for an accelerating Universe. Supernova observations have revealed that 2/3 of the Universe is dark energy, of an as-yet undetermined type, a finding with deep resonances with fundamental physics.