Collaborative Research: The Hydrology, Hydraulics and Hydrometeorology of Flood Response in Urbanizing Drainage Basins

合作研究：城市化流域洪水响应的水文、水力学和水文气象学

• 批准号: 0208225
• 负责人: Andrew Miller
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Baltimore County
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0208225&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hydrology; Hydraulics; Hydrometeorology

0208225MillerThe integrated hydrologic, hydraulic and hydrometeorological process that controls flooding in urbanizing drainage basins will be examined through analyses of flood response in the Baltimore metropolitan region. The science questions are: (1) How does the scale-dependent flood response of urban drainage basins depend on the space-time structure of rainfall for warm season systems of thunderstorms? (2) How does flood response vary with land-surface properties including impervious cover and structure of the urban drainage network? And (3) What is the relative role of changing channel/floodplain morphology due to urbanization, as compared with geologic controls of channel floodplain morphology, in determining the attenuation of flood waves? Questions 1 and 2 will be examined through hydrologic and hydrometeorological analyses of flood events in 24 drainage basins smaller than 200 km2 for 25-30 flood events during the period 1996-2003. Diagnostic analyses of rainfall and discharge observations for the flood events will be used in conjunction with model analyses to address questions 1 and 2. Hydrologic model analyses will be based on a distributed hydrologic model, the Network Model. Hydraulic analyses of flood wave propagation will be carried out for a subset of the 24 basins and will include 4 stream reaches, each with upstream-downstream pairs of stream gaging stations. The 2-d depth-averaged hydraulic model, TELEMAC, will be used for assessing hydraulic controls of flood response in urbanizing stream channels. The key observations used in this study are: (1) high-resolution (1 km, 5 minutes) radar rainfall estimates, (2) high-resolution (0.6 m contour interval) topographic data sets, (3) high-resolution (0.6 m grid, 0.15 m vertical resolution) topographic data sets derived from airborne radar, (4) high-resolution (1 m) representations of impervious cover, and (5) field-surveyed channel cross sections, longitudinal profiles and pebble counts.

[0208225]米勒将通过分析巴尔的摩大都市区的洪水响应来考察控制城市化流域洪水的综合水文、水力和水文气象过程。科学问题是：(1)暖季雷暴系统中城市流域的尺度相关洪水响应如何依赖于降雨的时空结构？(2)洪水响应如何随地表特性（包括不透水覆盖和城市排水网络结构）而变化？(3)与河道/河漫滩形态的地质控制相比，城市化导致的河道/河漫滩形态变化在决定洪波衰减中的相对作用是什么？问题1和问题2将通过对1996-2003年期间小于200平方公里的24个流域25-30次洪水事件的水文和水文气象分析来检验。对洪水事件的降雨和流量观测的诊断分析将与模型分析结合使用，以解决问题1和2。水文模型分析将基于分布式水文模型，即网络模型。将对24个流域中的一个子集进行洪水波传播的水力分析，其中包括4条河流，每条河流都有上下游对河流测量站。二维深度平均水力模型TELEMAC将用于评估城市化河道洪水响应的水力控制。本研究中使用的关键观测数据包括：(1)高分辨率（1公里，5分钟）雷达降雨量估算，(2)高分辨率（0.6米等高线间隔）地形数据集，(3)高分辨率（0.6米网格，0.15米垂直分辨率）机载雷达地形数据集，(4)高分辨率（1米）不透水覆盖表示，以及(5)实地调查的河道截面、纵剖面和卵石计数。