Fast Algorithms for 3D Cone-Beam Tomography

光层析成像的Bresler，Yoram0209203U，或从来自不同方向的线积分的集合重建对象(称为其X射线变换)是一个众所周知的问题。也许最重要的是，它是大多数关键诊断成像模式的基本原理，包括X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)、PET和SPECT、某些形式的MRI以及新兴技术，如电阻抗断层扫描(EIT)和光学断层扫描。层析重建也被广泛用于制造业中的无损评估，最近被提出用于机场旅客行李的安全检查。层析成像也是许多其他问题和科学和工程应用的基本原理，从亚细胞结构的电子显微镜到地球物理勘探和环境监测，再到合成孔径雷达(SAR)的遥感。在锥束层析成像中，投影是由面积探测器利用沿几种可能的轨迹之一传播的发散射线源来获取的。它已经在目前的PET和SPECT扫描仪以及无损检测中使用，由于它似乎是快速体积采集的唯一实用方法，它将成为下一代诊断性CT扫描仪的基础。这将允许将CT用作心脏成像的动态成像方式，或用于医学上的实时外科指导，或用作制造中的高通量无损检测系统。

ABSTRACTBresler, Yoram0209203U of IllTomography, or the reconstruction of an object from a collection of its line integrals from various directions (known as its x-ray transform) is a well known problem. Perhaps most importantly, it is the principle underlying most of the key diagnostic imaging modalities including x-ray Computed Tomography (CT), PET and SPECT, certain forms of MRI, and emerging techniques such as electric impedance tomography (EIT) and optical tomography. Tomographic reconstruction is also widely used for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in manufacturing, and has been recently proposed for safety screening of passenger luggage in airports. Tomography is also the fundamental principle in numerous other problems and applications in science and engineering from electron microscopy of subcellular structures through geophysical exploration and environmental monitoring, to remote sensing by synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In cone-beam tomography, projections are acquired by an area detector, using a source of divergent rays traveling on a one of several possible trajectories. It is already used in current PET and SPECT scanners and in NDE, and because it appears to be the only practical method for rapid volume acquisition, it will be the basis for the next generation of diagnostic CT scanners. This will allow to use CT as a dynamic imaging modality for cardiac imaging or for real-time surgical guidance in medicine, or as a high-throughput NDE system in manufacturing.