Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant-- Reconstructing Middle Sican Fuel Use in the La Leche River Valley, Lambayeque, Peru (C.E. 950-1050)

博士论文改进补助金——重建秘鲁兰巴耶克拉莱什河谷中西坎燃料使用（公元 950-1050 年）

• 批准号: 0211364
• 负责人: Izumi Shimada
• 金额: $ 1.16万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-04-15 至 2004-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0211364&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Reconstructing

Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Reconstructing Fuel Use from Archaeological Charcoal from the Middle Sican Period, Lambayeque, Peru (C.E. 950-1050).Under the direction of Drs. Lee Newsom and Izumi Shimada, Mr. David J. Goldstein will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will continue his participation with the Sican Archaeological Project, a 23-year effort headed by Dr. Shimada to reconstruct the prehistory of the Lambayeque and La Leche River Valleys. Mr. Goldstein will be the first scientist-in-residence at the newly constructed National Sican Museum in Lambayeque, Peru, to complete the analysis of 3 seasons of excavation at Huaca Sialupe a Middle Sican period metal and ceramics workshop. In particular, he will be investigating the charcoal remains from metal furnaces, ceramic kilns, and domestic hearths to reconstruct the use of fuel resources during the period. In conjunction, he will conduct two-months of systematic forest resource surveys, in the spring and fall, to collect comparative botanical materials to complete his analysis. The present state of forest preservation in the area is dire. The area is sparsely covered by dry tropical forests that presently face destruction in light of agricultural clearance and fuel wood harvesting. This clearance is problematic as the local forests enhance soil fertility and raise the groundwater level. It is thought based on experiments carried out by Mr. Goldstein and Dr. Shimada's interdisciplinary team, that Middle Sican metal production severely impacted forest resources in a similar manner in the past. This threat, due to the fuel intensive nature of ceramic and metal production, may have lead to forest conservation measures during the Middle Sican, including measured fuel apportioning between different industries. Through a comparison between the different fuel-use contexts at Huaca Sialupe, and other sites in the area, he aims to pattern how and which fuels were used in each context during this period. At the same time he will utilize a methodology that will investigate the ancient forest ecology in the area.Mr. Goldstein will employ an approach developed by Dr. Newsom based on traditional wood anatomy methods to look at the functional growth anatomy of woody plants to identify the plants used as fuel and interpret the growth ecology of these plants. To date, no studies of the ancient environment adequately describe the stature, extent, and composition of forests present in the area in antiquity. This research will permit the reconstruction of the forest materials available to ancient artisans through comparisons with modern specimens and anatomical wood keys. Ideally, the study will yield information on the manner in which humans extracted fuel resources from an ecosystem that is viewed as fragile in the present day. Mr. Goldstein's research is a foundation work for the development of regional forest resource history, and will demonstrate how people used their available resources to provide fuel to satisfy their economic and subsistence needs in light of marginal resources. Potentially, this investigation will allow local development projects to argue for patterned conservation measures in the area in an effort to preserve the few remaining areas still covered by forest today.

博士论文改进补助金：重建从考古木炭从中期Sican时期，兰巴耶克，秘鲁燃料的使用（C.E. 950-1050).在Lee Newsom博士和Izumi Shimada博士的指导下，大卫·J·戈尔茨坦先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。 他将继续参与Sican考古项目，该项目由岛田博士领导，历时23年，旨在重建Lambayeque和La Leche河谷的史前史。 Goldstein先生将是秘鲁兰巴耶克新建的国家西西里博物馆的第一位常驻科学家，以完成对Huaca Sialdia中西西里时期金属和陶瓷车间三个季节的挖掘的分析。 特别是，他将调查金属炉，陶瓷窑和家庭壁炉的木炭残留物，以重建这一时期燃料资源的使用情况。 同时，他将在春季和秋季进行为期两个月的系统森林资源调查，收集比较植物学材料，以完成他的分析。 该地区目前的森林保护状况十分严峻。 该地区被干燥的热带森林稀疏覆盖，目前由于农业清除和燃料木材采伐而面临破坏。 这种清除是有问题的，因为当地的森林增加了土壤肥力，提高了地下水位。 根据Goldstein先生和Shimada博士的跨学科小组进行的实验，人们认为，中西西里金属生产过去以类似的方式严重影响了森林资源。 由于陶瓷和金属生产的燃料密集型性质，这种威胁可能导致在中西坎期间采取森林保护措施，包括在不同行业之间进行燃料分配。 通过比较瓦卡·西亚勒什和该地区其他地点不同的燃料使用情况，他的目标是对这一时期在每种情况下如何使用燃料以及使用何种燃料进行模式化。 同时，Goldstein先生将运用Newsom博士基于传统木材解剖学方法开发的方法，研究木本植物的功能性生长解剖学，以识别用作燃料的植物，并解释这些植物的生长生态。 迄今为止，没有任何关于古代环境的研究充分描述了古代该地区森林的高度、范围和组成。 通过与现代标本和解剖学木钥匙的比较，这项研究将允许重建古代工匠可用的森林材料。 理想情况下，这项研究将提供有关人类从当今被视为脆弱的生态系统中提取燃料资源的方式的信息。 Goldstein先生的研究是区域森林资源历史发展的基础工作，并将展示人们如何利用其现有资源提供燃料，以满足其经济和生存需求。 这项调查可能会使当地的发展项目能够在该地区采取模式化的保护措施，以保护今天仍然被森林覆盖的少数剩余地区。