Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Extension of Suffrage as Policy Innovation: A Comparative Study of the American States

政治学博士论文研究：扩大选举权作为政策创新：美洲各州的比较研究

• 批准号: 0212419
• 负责人: Nancy Burns
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-15 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0212419&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

This Doctoral Dissertation provides an explanation of the extension of suffrage rights in a federal system. The ultimate question is: what does it take for a previously excluded group to successfully lobby for the right of electoral inclusion? While other scholars have treated the behavioral explanation of mass activism for suffrage rights and the institutional explanation of policy enactment as separate endeavors, the Principal Investigator argues that the two are too highly interconnected to be understood independently. Understanding when and how movements for political incorporation succeed requires understanding how the processes of activism and institutional constraints interact. The project will explicitly endeavor to combine theoretical frameworks from the literature on social movements that seek to explain the development and maintenance of activism, with the literatures in political science that seek to explain processes of policy enactment (e.g., political parties, legislative institutions, and policy innovation) to offer a new and more complete explanation of the process of enfranchisement. To answer this fundamental question about the American political system, the Principal Investigator studies the struggle for adoption of woman suffrage. Woman suffrage measures were considered and adopted by states through legislative enactment, constitutional convention, and popular referendum. Some of these measures provided for only presidential suffrage, some only primary suffrage, some full suffrage. Thirty years passed between the earliest and latest state-level adopters of woman suffrage. It is through investigation of this variance that we can discover the institutional and socio-political factors that make expansion of the right of electoral participation more or less possible for previously excluded groups. The research design combines an event history approach to analysis of in all forty-eight states with in-depth archival research on the consideration of woman suffrage (in a sample of six states). The national data analysis models the time to adoption of woman suffrage in the states as a function of social and institutional conditions, including: partisan competition, electoral strength of third parties, racial and sex composition of the population, economic conditions, organization of woman suffrage interests, and the difficulty of the state initiative and constitutional amendment processes. The archival work is conducted in states chosen explicitly for their variance on these conditions. This allows the Principal Investigator the ability to trace the processes through which each of these factors comes to matter in the struggle by disenfranchised groups for their political inclusion.

这篇博士论文提供了一个在联邦制度的选举权的扩展解释。最终的问题是：一个以前被排除在外的群体需要什么才能成功地为选举包容权进行游说？虽然其他学者将群众行动主义对选举权的行为解释和政策制定的制度解释视为独立的努力，但首席研究员认为，这两者之间的联系过于紧密，无法独立理解。要了解政治融合运动何时以及如何取得成功，就需要了解行动主义进程和制度约束如何相互作用。该项目将明确奋进将联合收割机的理论框架，从文献的社会运动，试图解释发展和维护的行动，与文献的政治学，试图解释政策制定的过程（例如，政党、立法机构和政策创新），以便对选举权的授予过程提供一个新的、更完整的解释。为了回答这个关于美国政治制度的基本问题，首席研究员研究了争取妇女选举权的斗争。各州通过立法、制宪会议和全民公决审议并通过了妇女选举权措施。其中有些措施只规定了总统选举权，有些只规定了初选权，有些规定了普选权。在最早和最晚的州一级采用妇女选举权之间，30年过去了。 正是通过对这种差异的调查，我们可以发现使以前被排斥的群体或多或少有可能扩大选举参与权的体制和社会政治因素。研究设计结合了事件的历史方法来分析在所有48个国家的深入档案研究的妇女选举权的考虑（在六个国家的样本）。国家数据分析模拟了各州通过妇女选举权的时间，作为社会和体制条件的函数，包括：党派竞争、第三方的选举实力、人口的种族和性别组成、经济条件、妇女选举权利益的组织以及州倡议和宪法修正程序的难度。档案工作是在明确选择的州进行的，因为这些州在这些条件上存在差异。 这使首席调查员能够追踪这些因素中的每一个在被剥夺权利的群体争取政治包容的斗争中发挥作用的过程。