The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems

选举制度比较研究（CSES）是一个协调的比较项目，能够系统地分析全球不同制度条件下的选举行为。CSES协调世界各地50多个土著国家选举研究的运作，从而确保在每个地点收集的有关公民行为和态度的信息具有可比性。在社发会议的主持下，还以可比形式收集了关于各参加国的体制安排的资料。CSES设计、接收、合理化、清理和合并这些数据，然后将它们免费并立即提供给全世界的学术界。CSES是比较研究的独特宝贵资源。CSESdata已经投入生产性使用- -使人们能够了解政治体制对民主公民的影响，并为进一步发展比较方法提供场所- -更多的工作正在进行中。该系统成立于1996年，2001年完成了第一轮数据收集（模块1），约有33个国家参与。有50多个国家参加的第二单元将于2005年结束。前两波CSES分别集中于民主的表现、问责制和代表制。第三波CSES将于2006年开始，重点关注选民在选举中面临的选择。虽然我们对选民投票的原因和方式了解很多，但我们对选民所能得到的选择是如何影响投票的知之甚少。由于规范和理论的原因，这个问题具有广泛的相关性。这一奖励将只涵盖CSES迄今为止成功提供的基本的中央协调行动，并适度补充资金，为CSES为来自东欧、非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲较贫穷国家的与会者规划会议提供机票支持。调查本身的所有费用都由各种国家研究承担。委员会成员每年至少举办一次规划委员会会议，对模块的规划进行补贴；东道主为所有参与者提供会议空间、住宿和膳食。更广泛的影响。CSES是比较政治学研究的乘数器。CSES能够以很少的成本生成价值数百万美元的关于选举行为的有价值的跨国数据。通过有效地协调世界各地的选举专家和中心的努力，CSES为各地对民主政治的深刻和重要问题感兴趣的学者提供了独特的资源。此外，由于CSES是项目之间的合作，而不是个人之间的合作，因此对于所涉及的单个项目来说，在重新审视自己的实践和向他人学习方面有重要的影响，这些影响尤其重要，因为这些制度化的实践影响了大量的学者。最后，由于CSES的一些分支机构，特别是新兴民主国家的分支机构非常新，因此CSES为这些新兴民主国家的社会科学家提供了一个培训前沿社会科学理论和方法的场所。

The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) is a coordinated comparative project that enables the systematic analysis of electoral behavior under globally varying institutional conditions. CSES coordinates the operation of more than 50 indigenous national election studies across the world, thereby ensuring that information about citizens' behavior and attitudes gathered at each siteis comparable. Under CSES auspices, information about the institutional arrangements that characterize each participating country is also collected, also in comparable form. CSES designs, receives, rationalizes, cleans, and merges these data, and then makes them freely and immediately available to the world's scholarly community.CSES is a uniquely valuable resource for comparative research. Already CSESdata have been put to productive use - enabling the understanding of the consequences of political institutions for democratic citizens and providing a venue for the further development of comparative methodology - and much more work is underway. Established in 1996, CSES completed its first round of data collection (Module 1) in 2001, with some 33 countries participating. Module 2, with more than 50 participating countries, will draw to a close in 2005. The first two waves of the CSES concentrated on the performance of democracy and on accountability and representation, respectively. The third wave of CSES, commencing in 2006, willfocus on the choice set that voters face in an election. While we know a lot about why and how voters vote, we know little about how voting is affected by the kind of choices that are available to the electorate. This issue has broad relevance for both normative and theoretical reasons. This award is to cover only the essential central coordinating operation that CSES has provided so successfully so far, modestly supplemented by funds to provide airfare support to CSES planning meetings for participants from poorer counties in Eastern Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Asia. All of the costs of the surveys themselves are contributed by the various national studies. The planning for the modules is subsidized by committee members when they host planning committee meetings at least once annually; hosts provide meeting space, plus lodging and meals for all participants. Broader Impacts. CSES serves as a multiplier of research on comparative politics. CSES makes it possible to generate millions of dollars worth of valuable cross-national data on electoral behavior at a fractional cost. By effectively coordinating the efforts of election specialists and centers around the world, CSES provides a unique resource for scholars everywhere interested in deep and consequential questions of democratic politics. In addition, because CSES is a cooperative effort among projects rather than individuals, there are important consequences for the individual projects involved, in terms of reexamining their own practices and learning from others, and these consequences are especially significant because of the large number of scholars affected by these institutionalized practices. Finally, because some of CSES affiliates, especially those in the emerging democracies, are very new, CSES provides a venue for training social scientists in these emerging democracies in cutting-edge social science theory and methodology.