Control Over Stereotype Activation by Preconscious and Temporary Goals

通过前意识和临时目标控制刻板印象的激活

• 批准号: 0213693
• 负责人: Gordon Moskowitz
• 金额: $ 23.76万
• 依托单位: Lehigh University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0213693&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Control; Over; Stereotype; Activation; Preconscious

Stereotyping and prejudice continue to be predominant social problems in modern society. The attacks of September 11, 2001 illustrate this in a variety of ways, from the prejudice of terrorists seeking to destroy the Western way of life, to the reactions of Americans who turned violent against "Arab-appearing" individuals in the United States. These phenomena raise an important question for understanding the nature of stereotyping and its consequences for prejudice and discrimination: How do individuals keep their stereotypes from influencing judgment and behavior? Recent two-stage models of stereotyping suggest that people can do this in two distinct ways: (1) By preventing stereotypic knowledge from coming to mind so it is never relevant to judgment; or (2) by removing the stereotype from one's responses after the stereotype has been activated. Both approaches can be better understood by a more general consideration of how goals determine reactions to members of a stereotyped group. This research focuses specifically on how stereotype activation can be controlled, examining the mechanisms that produce such control. It is posited that stereotype activation is controllable through preconsciously activated goals, and a series of experiments examine this hypothesis. The long-term goal is to better understand the dynamics of social stereotypes and prejudice.

陈规定型和偏见仍然是现代社会的主要社会问题。2001年9月11日的恐怖袭击以各种方式说明了这一点，从寻求摧毁西方生活方式的恐怖分子的偏见，到美国人对美国境内“看起来像阿拉伯人”的个人采取暴力行动的反应。这些现象为理解刻板印象的本质及其对偏见和歧视的后果提出了一个重要问题：个人如何使他们的刻板印象不影响判断和行为？最近的刻板印象两阶段模型表明，人们可以通过两种不同的方式做到这一点：(1)通过阻止刻板印象知识进入脑海，使其与判断无关；或者(2)在刻板印象被激活后，将其从反应中移除。通过更广泛地考虑目标如何决定对刻板群体成员的反应，可以更好地理解这两种方法。本研究特别关注如何控制刻板印象激活，并检查产生这种控制的机制。假设刻板印象激活可以通过前意识激活目标来控制，并通过一系列实验验证了这一假设。长期目标是更好地了解社会刻板印象和偏见的动态。