BE/CNH: Agrarian Landscapes in Transition: A Cross-Scale Approach

BE/CNH：转型中的农业景观：跨尺度方法

• 批准号: 0216560
• 负责人: Charles Redman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0216560&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Agrarian; Landscapes; Transition; Cross

Agrarian transformations represent the most pervasive alteration of the Earth's terrestrial environment during the past 10,000 years. Many current conceptualizations of these transformations assume a simple linear model, however, positing that change is driven by present-day economic, demographic, and technological conditions. This interdisciplinary research project will trace the effects of the introduction, spread, and abandonment of agriculture at six sites in the U.S., with comparisons also made with comparable sites in Mexico and France. The U.S. sites are members of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network. This project incorporates an integrated, long-term cycle that includes land-use change affecting landscapes, altered landscapes affecting ecological processes, and both influencing the ways in which humans monitor and respond to their surroundings, which engender further cycles of change. The central objective of this research is to identify and quantify the ways in which these integrated cycles differ across cultures, across biogeographic regions, and across time. A suite of quantitative and narrative analyses will be used to identify the prime determinants of long-term dynamics, present-day patterns, and reservoirs of ecological and social resilience in these systems. Analytical approaches will include structural-equation modeling, analysis of spatial and causal effects, and cross-site comparisons of case studies. As a practical test of the project's results, approaches and insights that includes an emphasis on eco-regional planning and scenario building will be examined in the context of conservation planning at The Nature Conservancy (TNC).This project will contribute to both science and society in many ways. It will demonstrate the importance of social science information and approaches in ecosystem investigations, expanding the results of the LTER network and breaching the divide between social and natural science. The data protocols developed will also benefit other communities of social and natural scientists through the involvement of the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a major national repository of social science data. This project will help to develop general theories on how socio-ecological legacies, as well as lags in the recognition of and response to change, vary across space and time. Through detailed case histories and quantitative analyses, the project expects to provide convincing evidence that humans act not only to disturb ecosystems but also monitor ecosystem values and respond to maintain stability and minimize crises. Project results will provide information of direct use to policy makers, TNC, and land managers by using an approach that explicitly relates socio-ecological processes to varying levels of political organization. The cross-scale data collection and analyses are expected to demonstrate that some patterns of human-ecological interactions are surprisingly long term, vary across space and time, and are non-linear. The project's most significant long-term contribution may prove to be through education; as this project will train new interdisciplinary scientists at all levels of the educational spectrum, inform public officials, and contribute to more effective land-management practices. This project is an award resulting from the FY 2002 special competition in Biocomplexity in the Environment focusing on the Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems.

土地变化是过去1万年来地球陆地环境最普遍的变化。 然而，目前对这些转变的许多概念化假设了一个简单的线性模型，假定变化是由当今的经济、人口和技术条件驱动的。这个跨学科的研究项目将追踪美国六个地点的农业引进，传播和放弃的影响，并与墨西哥和法国的类似地点进行了比较。 美国的研究中心是长期生态研究（LTER）网络的成员。 该项目纳入了一个综合的长期周期，其中包括影响地貌的土地使用变化和影响生态过程的地貌改变，这两种变化都影响人类监测和应对环境的方式，从而产生进一步的变化周期。 本研究的中心目标是确定和量化这些综合周期在不同文化，不同地理区域和不同时间的方式。 一套定量和叙述性分析将用于确定这些系统中的长期动态、当今模式以及生态和社会复原力的主要决定因素。 分析方法将包括结构方程模型，空间和因果效应的分析，以及跨站点的案例研究比较。 作为对该项目成果的实际检验，将在大自然保护协会（TNC）的保护规划背景下对包括生态区域规划和情景构建在内的方法和见解进行研究。该项目将在许多方面为科学和社会做出贡献。 它将展示社会科学信息和方法在生态系统调查中的重要性，扩大LTER网络的成果，打破社会科学和自然科学之间的鸿沟。 通过大学间政治和社会研究联合会（一个主要的国家社会科学数据库）的参与，所制定的数据协议也将使其他社会和自然科学家群体受益。 该项目将有助于发展关于社会生态遗产以及对变化的认识和反应滞后如何在空间和时间上变化的一般理论。 通过详细的案例历史和定量分析，该项目预计将提供令人信服的证据，证明人类的行为不仅扰乱了生态系统，而且还监测了生态系统的价值，并作出反应，以维持稳定和尽量减少危机。 项目成果将通过采用一种将社会生态进程与不同层次的政治组织明确联系起来的方法，向决策者、跨国公司和土地管理者提供直接使用的信息。 跨尺度数据收集和分析预计将表明，人类与生态相互作用的某些模式具有惊人的长期性，在空间和时间上有所不同，并且是非线性的。 该项目最重要的长期贡献可能是通过教育;因为该项目将在教育领域的所有各级培训新的跨学科科学家，向政府官员提供信息，并促进更有效的土地管理做法。 该项目是2002财政年度环境中生物复杂性特别竞赛的一个奖项，重点是耦合自然和人类系统的动力学。