Russian Basic Science: Changes Since the Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Impact of International Support

俄罗斯基础科学：苏联解体以来的变化和国际支持的影响

• 批准号: 0217597
• 负责人: Loren Graham
• 金额: $ 19.98万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-02-15 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0217597&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Russian; Basic; Science; Changes; Since

Abstract SES 02-17597Russian Basic Science: Changes Since the Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Impact of International Support Loren Graham, MITThe story of Russian science from the time of the advent of Gorbachev through the collapse of the Soviet Union and on to the present is a very dramatic one, but the details of that story are poorly known -- even in Russia. There is no overall description of these events and an analysis of their consequences. In just a few years one of the largest and most impressive scientific establishments in the world nearly collapsed. The combination of a slashing of the federal science budget to 20 percent of what it was before and the departure of thousands of the most talented scientists damaged Russian science so seriously that some observers predicted "the death of Russian science." We now know that this prediction was incorrect; Russian science has survived and the first signs of recovery are evident. However, during the transition period it has become clear that the Soviet forms of the organization and financing of research inherited by the new Russia are inappropriate for the democratic and free society that is the hope of most Russian citizens. As a result the financial supports and organizational principles of Russian science have either changed or been seriously challenged. This proposal describes and analyzes these changes, including the important influences exercised by foreign foundations that have become active in supporting Russian science, strengthening, in the process, new principles of peer refereeing and open competition. The PI will work Irina Dezhina in Russia, using archival research, statistical data analysis, interviews, and scholarly publications and reports of foundations and government organizations to tell this story within a context of the historical, political, and economic dimensions of the recent crisis of Russian science.The product of their efforts will be articles and a book on the recent history and current policies of Russian science. These publications should interest not only to historians and science policy specialists, but educated people everywhere, since several of the questions being considered are of general interest: How should science change when it makes the transition from being in an authoritarian society to a democratic one? What organizational structures best promote excellence in research and teaching? Which aspects of foreign models should be followed and how closely?

摘要SES 02-17597 RUSSIAN基础科学：自苏联崩溃以来的变化以及国际支持洛伦·格雷厄姆（Loren Graham）的影响，从戈尔巴乔夫（Gorbachev）到苏联崩溃而到达俄罗斯科学的故事，俄罗斯科学的故事以及目前的崩溃，但在这个故事中是一个非常戏剧性的详细信息，甚至是众所周知的，甚至是俄罗斯的详细信息。 没有总体描述这些事件，也没有对它们的后果进行分析。 在短短几年内，世界上最大，最令人印象深刻的科学机构之一几乎崩溃了。将联邦科学预算削减到以前的20％以及成千上万最有才华的科学家的离开的20％的结合，因此严重损害了俄罗斯科学，以至于一些观察家预言了“俄罗斯科学的死亡”。我们现在知道这个预测是不正确的。俄罗斯科学幸存下来，恢复的第一个迹象很明显。但是，在过渡期间，很明显，新俄罗斯继承的苏联形式的组织和研究融资不适合大多数俄罗斯公民的民主和自由社会。 结果，俄罗斯科学的财政支持和组织原则已经改变或受到严重挑战。 该提案描述和分析了这些变化，包括外国基金会所产生的重要影响，这些基金会积极支持俄罗斯科学，在此过程中加强同伴裁判和开放竞争的新原则。 PI将使用档案研究，统计数据分析，访谈以及有关基金会和政府组织的学术出版物以及报告在俄罗斯科学危机的历史，政治和经济层面的背景下讲述这个故事的报道，将在俄罗斯发挥Irina Dezhina。 这些出版物不仅应该对历史学家和科学政策专家的兴趣，而且还应对各地的人们进行教育，因为所考虑的几个问题是普遍关注的：当科学从专制社会到民主社会的过渡时，科学应该如何改变？哪些组织结构最能促进研究和教学方面的卓越表现？应该遵循外国模型的哪些方面以及如何紧密？