Russian Basic Science: Changes Since the Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Impact of International Support

俄罗斯基础科学:苏联解体以来的变化和国际支持的影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0217597
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 19.98万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2003-02-15 至 2006-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Abstract SES 02-17597Russian Basic Science: Changes Since the Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Impact of International Support Loren Graham, MITThe story of Russian science from the time of the advent of Gorbachev through the collapse of the Soviet Union and on to the present is a very dramatic one, but the details of that story are poorly known -- even in Russia. There is no overall description of these events and an analysis of their consequences. In just a few years one of the largest and most impressive scientific establishments in the world nearly collapsed. The combination of a slashing of the federal science budget to 20 percent of what it was before and the departure of thousands of the most talented scientists damaged Russian science so seriously that some observers predicted "the death of Russian science." We now know that this prediction was incorrect; Russian science has survived and the first signs of recovery are evident. However, during the transition period it has become clear that the Soviet forms of the organization and financing of research inherited by the new Russia are inappropriate for the democratic and free society that is the hope of most Russian citizens. As a result the financial supports and organizational principles of Russian science have either changed or been seriously challenged. This proposal describes and analyzes these changes, including the important influences exercised by foreign foundations that have become active in supporting Russian science, strengthening, in the process, new principles of peer refereeing and open competition. The PI will work Irina Dezhina in Russia, using archival research, statistical data analysis, interviews, and scholarly publications and reports of foundations and government organizations to tell this story within a context of the historical, political, and economic dimensions of the recent crisis of Russian science.The product of their efforts will be articles and a book on the recent history and current policies of Russian science. These publications should interest not only to historians and science policy specialists, but educated people everywhere, since several of the questions being considered are of general interest: How should science change when it makes the transition from being in an authoritarian society to a democratic one? What organizational structures best promote excellence in research and teaching? Which aspects of foreign models should be followed and how closely?
摘要SES 02- 17597俄罗斯基础科学:自苏联解体以来的变化和国际支持的影响罗伦格雷厄姆,麻省理工学院俄罗斯科学的故事,从戈尔巴乔夫的到来,通过苏联解体的时间和对现在是一个非常戏剧性的一个,但这个故事的细节知之甚少-即使在俄罗斯。 没有对这些事件进行全面描述,也没有对其后果进行分析。 在短短几年内,世界上最大和最令人印象深刻的科学机构之一几乎崩溃。联邦科学预算削减到原来的20%,再加上数千名最有才华的科学家的离开,严重损害了俄罗斯科学,以至于一些观察家预测“俄罗斯科学的死亡”。“我们现在知道,这一预测是不正确的;俄罗斯科学已经幸存下来,复苏的初步迹象是显而易见的。然而,在过渡时期,新俄罗斯继承的苏联形式的研究组织和资助显然不适合大多数俄罗斯公民所希望的民主和自由社会。 因此,俄罗斯科学的财政支持和组织原则要么发生了变化,要么受到了严重的挑战。 该提案描述并分析了这些变化,包括外国基金会的重要影响,这些基金会积极支持俄罗斯科学,在此过程中加强了同行裁判和公开竞争的新原则。 PI将在俄罗斯与伊琳娜·德日娜合作,利用档案研究、统计数据分析、访谈、学术出版物以及基金会和政府组织的报告,在俄罗斯科学最近危机的历史、政治和经济背景下讲述这个故事。他们的努力成果将是关于俄罗斯科学最近历史和当前政策的文章和一本书。 这些出版物不仅应该引起历史学家和科学政策专家的兴趣,而且应该引起世界各地受过教育的人的兴趣,因为正在考虑的几个问题是普遍感兴趣的:当科学从专制社会过渡到民主社会时,科学应该如何改变?什么样的组织结构最能促进卓越的研究和教学?外国模式的哪些方面应该效仿,如何效仿?

项目成果

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Loren Graham其他文献

Religious heresy and mathematical creativity in Russia
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf02986172
  • 发表时间:
    2008-11-14
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0.400
  • 作者:
    Loren Graham;Jean-Michel Kantor
  • 通讯作者:
    Jean-Michel Kantor

Loren Graham的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Loren Graham', 18)}}的其他基金

The Influence of Science on Social and Political Values
科学对社会和政治价值观的影响
  • 批准号:
    7825584
  • 财政年份:
    1979
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.98万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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