Genomics of Plant Stress Tolerance

植物抗逆基因组学

• 批准号: 0223905
• 负责人: Hans Bohnert
• 金额: $ 256.14万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-10-01 至 2005-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0223905&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genomics; Plant; Stress; Tolerance

The long-term goal of this proposal is to identify and determine the role of all the genes involved in a plants response to salt and water stress. Over the last decade, it has become clear that responses to water deficit and ion imbalance are governed by complex molecular and biochemical signal transduction processes, which coordinately act to determine tolerance or sensitivity at the whole-plant levet. Within the last five years, however, advances in genomics, informatics, and functional genomics have made it technically feasible to gain a global understanding of the gene complement or set that becomes integrated to effect abiotic stress tolerance. To tackle the genetic basis of this tolerance in higher plants in the most efficient, comprehensive, and integrative way possible Drs. R. Bressan, P. Hasegawa ( Purdue University), R. Burnap, J. Cushman, R. Prade (Oklahoma State University) and H. Bohnert, D. Gaibraith, J-K. Zhu (University of Arizona) have formed a consortium. Each participant has a documented and extensive experience in this research area with a proven record of productivity and in many instances past or present collaborations.This team will employ three distinct, yet complementary approaches to isolate, characterize, and assess the function of the core set of stress-related genes that provide the basis for the water and salt stress tolerance phenotype in plants.The first approach will encompass the functional identification of genes important to stress tolerance by random and targeted mutagenesis strategies in well-studied model organisms (Synechocystis PCC6803, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans, and Arabidopsis thaliana). For Arabidopsis, they will identify, map and clone genetic Ioci from a large set of mutants defective in stress tolerance or signaling. The resulting sets of mutants will be used for complementation studies using genes from higher plant sources.The second approach aims to define the core set of stress-related transcripts from both sensitive plants (Arabidopsis thaliana and rice) and resistant plants (Dunaliella salina and ice plant) using EST sequendng and microarray analysis. This approach will focus on the comparative study of gene expression patterns in salt and drought sensitive and resistant organisms, since recent studies of resistant organisms have revealed the existence of mechanisms of stress tolerance not present or not appropriately expressed in sensitive organisms.The third approach will extend the functional analysis of stress-related transcripts by monitoring in situ Iocalizations by using promoter trapping approaches and gain-of-function studies.These approaches represent logical extensions of ongoing work in individual groups within this center. They will foster interaction and integration of Consortium activities through daily interactions, workshops/meetings and extended work periods in member laboratories for their students and postdoctoral fellows to ensure a new generation of researchers trained in multi-faceted and interdisciplinary problem solving. The impact of abiotic stress on crop productivity is remarkable according to USDA statistics and amounts to two-thirds of all yield reductions in agriculture. This proposal is exceptionally timely, combines unique expertise, is hypothesis-driven and culminates in a dearly defined goal - understanding the number, nature and networking of genes and physiological mechanisms that constitute plant abiotic stress tolerance.

这项提案的长期目标是识别和确定所有参与植物对盐和水胁迫反应的基因的作用。在过去的十年中，人们已经清楚，水分亏缺和离子失衡的反应是由复杂的分子和生化信号转导过程，协调行动，以确定整个植物水平的耐受性或敏感性。然而，在过去的五年里，基因组学、信息学和功能基因组学的进步使得在技术上可以全面了解整合以影响非生物胁迫耐受性的基因互补序列或基因组。为了以最有效、全面和综合的方式解决高等植物这种耐受性的遗传基础，R。Bressan，P. Hasegawa（Purdue University），R. Burnap，J. Cushman，R. Prade（俄克拉荷马州州立大学）和H.博纳特，D. Gaibraith，J-K.朱（亚利桑那大学）已经形成了一个财团。每个参与者都有一个记录和广泛的经验，在这个研究领域的生产力和在许多情况下过去或现在的合作证明记录。这个团队将采用三个不同的，但互补的方法来隔离，表征，并评估核心压力的功能-第一种方法包括功能鉴定，第二种方法包括功能鉴定，第三种方法包括功能鉴定，第四种方法包括功能鉴定，通过随机和靶向诱变策略，在已充分研究的模式生物（集胞藻PCC 6803、酿酒酵母、构巢曲霉和拟南芥）中对胁迫耐受性重要的基因进行了突变。对于拟南芥，他们将从一大批在胁迫耐受性或信号传导方面有缺陷的突变体中识别、绘制和克隆遗传Ioci。第二种方法是利用EST测序和微阵列分析确定敏感植物（拟南芥和水稻）和抗性植物（杜氏盐藻和冰草）胁迫相关转录本的核心序列。这种方法将侧重于对盐和干旱敏感和抗性生物的基因表达模式的比较研究，第三种方法是利用启动子捕获方法和获得性转录因子的方法，通过原位定位来监测胁迫相关转录物的功能，从而扩展对胁迫相关转录物的功能分析。这些方法代表了该中心内各个小组正在进行的工作的逻辑扩展。他们将通过日常互动，研讨会/会议以及在成员实验室为学生和博士后研究员延长工作时间来促进联盟活动的互动和整合，以确保新一代研究人员在多方面和跨学科问题解决方面得到培训。根据美国农业部的统计，非生物胁迫对作物生产力的影响是显着的，占农业所有减产的三分之二。这个提议非常及时，结合了独特的专业知识，是假设驱动的，并在一个明确定义的目标中达到高潮-了解构成植物非生物胁迫耐受性的基因和生理机制的数量，性质和网络。