Statistical Physics in Random Media

随机介质中的统计物理

• 批准号: 0229243
• 负责人: Daniel Fisher
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0229243&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Statistical; Physics; Random; Media

0229243FisherThis award supports theoretical research on the statistical physics of random media. Quenched randomness drastically alters the properties of many systems, especially their dynamics. A variety of systems in which many degrees of freedom interact in random media will be studied focusing on long time scale universal aspects of their behavior.One class of such system can undergo equilibrium phase transitions but they evolve extremely slowly towards equilibrium because of the necessity of overcoming large free energy barriers. For these, in particular spin glasses, both the nature of the non-equilibrium configurations that dominate observations and the equilibrium states towards which they strive are of interest. Many fundamental questions remain unanswered. A second class of random systems are those in which the dynamics and equilibrium properties are inextricably linked because of quantum mechanics. The destruction of superconductivity by quantum fluctuations will be investigated, focusing on the combined effects of randomness, quantum mechanics and dissipation.A third class, driven systems which are intrinsically far from equilibrium, can undergo novel types of non-equilibrium transitions, such as depinning from a stationary to a sliding "phase." Progress towards a better understanding of such transitions will be used to investigate the dynamics and statistics of earthquakes both on single faults and on interacting faults. Related issues in laboratory scale fracture will also be studied.%%%This theoretical research will study a variety of random systems ranging from magnetic glasses to earthquakes. The research addresses fundamental issues. The results of these studies may have broader applications to real materials.***

0229243 Fisher该奖项支持随机介质统计物理学的理论研究。 猝灭的随机性极大地改变了许多系统的性质，特别是它们的动力学。 在随机介质中，许多自由度相互作用的各种系统将被研究，重点是它们行为的长时间尺度的普遍方面。一类这样的系统可以经历平衡相变，但由于必须克服大的自由能障碍，它们向平衡演化的速度非常缓慢。 对于这些，特别是自旋玻璃，两个性质的非平衡配置，占主导地位的意见和平衡状态，他们争取的利益。 许多基本问题仍然没有答案。 第二类随机系统是那些由于量子力学而使其动力学和平衡性质密不可分的系统。 将研究量子涨落对超导性的破坏，重点关注随机性、量子力学和耗散的综合影响。第三类驱动系统本质上远离平衡，可以经历新型的非平衡转变，例如从静止到滑动的脱钉阶段。“对这种转变的更好理解的进展将用于研究单一断层和相互作用断层上地震的动力学和统计学。 还将研究实验室尺度断裂的相关问题。%%%这项理论研究将研究从磁性玻璃到地震的各种随机系统。 研究涉及基本问题。 这些研究的结果可能对真实的材料有更广泛的应用。*