Phylogeny of the Spiny Solanums (Solanaceae)

[0235339]这个项目将研究所谓的“有刺的茄属植物”之间的进化关系，这是一组茄科（番茄或马铃薯科）中大约450种植物。这一组包括经济上重要的水果作物，如茄子（Solanum melongena）， lulo或naranjilla （S. quitoense）和椰子树（S. sessiliflorum），以及可能作为药用糖生物碱来源的物种。带刺的茄属植物在形态和生殖生物学上表现出许多变化，并在热带地区表现出有趣的生物地理模式。尽管它们作为经济作物的潜力和它们作为研究生物学问题的模式系统，但刺茄的分类和系统发育一直被忽视。系统发育分析的主要数据将来自三个基因或基因区域的DNA测序，以及用于确定刺茄类群主要谱系的突变差异测量。序列将从核糖体和蜡质基因以及叶绿体基因区域获得，从代表该群体尽可能多的分类多样性的范例物种样本中获得。这些数据集将分别进行分析，并将其组合起来，以获得刺龙葵内部进化关系的整体视图。与当地植物学家合作，计划前往墨西哥和厄瓜多尔收集材料进行形态和分子分析。更详细的采样将放在两个焦点群，猛犸和S. quitoense组，以澄清在物种水平上的关系，并研究花生物学、生物地理学、果实化学和形态的进化模式。该项目将通过雇用博士后和本科生来促进教学，他们将接受分类学、分子方法和数据分析方面的培训。通过国外收集和植物标本馆之旅以及与美国和国外茄科专家的互动，将产生大量的国内和国际合作。该项目将产生广泛的DNA序列数据以及植物标本、叶片和DNA样本以及种质资料，这些资料将分发给国际资料库并可供广泛传播。作为该项目的一部分收集的科学信息预计将通过增加重要或新兴作物物种（如茄子、南瓜和椰子树）的农艺潜力，以及通过促进经济有用植物种质资源的保护，对人类产生影响。

0235339BohsThis project will examine evolutionary relationships among the so-called "spiny Solanums," a group of about 450 species of plants in the Solanaceae (tomato or potato family). Included within this group are economically important fruit crops such as the eggplant (Solanum melongena), the lulo or naranjilla (S. quitoense), and the cocona (S. sessiliflorum) as well as species with potential as sources of glycoalkaloids useful in medicine. The spiny Solanums exhibit much variation in their morphology and reproductive biology and show intriguing biogeographical patterns through the tropics. Despite their potential as economic crops and their use as model systems for the study of biological questions, the taxonomy and phylogeny of the spiny Solanums have been neglected.The primary data for the phylogenetic analyses will come from DNA sequencing of three genes or gene regions, with measures of mutational differences used to define major lineages within the spiny Solanum group. Sequences will be obtained from the nuclear ribosomal and waxy genes and from chloroplast gene regions, from exemplar species samples representing as much of the taxonomic diversity of the group as possible. These data sets will be analyzed separately and in combination to achieve an overall view of evolutionary relationships within the spiny Solanums. Collecting trips to Mexico and Ecuador are planned to gather material for morphological and molecular analyses, in collaboration with local botanists. More detailed sampling will taxa place in two focal groups, the S. mammosum and S. quitoense groups, in order to clarify relationships at the species level and examine evolutionary patterns of floral biology, biogeography, and fruit chemistry and morphology.This project will contribute to teaching and learning by employing post-doctoral associates and undergraduate students who will be trained in taxonomy, molecular methods, and data analysis. Substantial national and international collaboration will result through foreign collecting and herbarium trips and interaction with Solanaceae specialists in the U.S. and abroad. This project will generate extensive DNA sequence data as well as herbarium collections, leaf and DNA samples, and germplasm accessions that will be distributed to international repositories and available for wide dissemination. The scientific information gathered as part of this project is expected to impact humankind by increasing the agronomic potential of important or emerging crop species such as the eggplant, lulo, and cocona and by contributing to conservation of germplasm of economically useful plants.