Demography and Dispersal: Models for Biological Invasions

人口统计和扩散：生物入侵模型

• 批准号: 0235692
• 负责人: Michael Neubert
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-02-15 至 2008-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0235692&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Demography; Dispersal; Models; Biological; Invasions

This project will develop and analyze models of biological invasions by constructing a mathematical theory describing how populations respond upon arrival in a new area. That theory will provide measures of population performance that can complement those customarily used to measure population viability (e.g., rates of increase and extinction probabilities). The theory will incorporate both demography (i.e., the rates at which individuals move from one life cycle stage to another) and dispersal (i.e., the propensity to move and the directions and distances moved by individuals at each stage of the life cycle).Invasion is an important problem. First, invasive pest species have enormous environmental and economic impact. The problem is not only agricultural; pressures from invasive species are a major impact on endangered endemic species around the world. Understanding the factors determining the success and speed of invasions can provide important guidance for management tactics. Second, a consequence of habitat alteration or climate change will be the movement of species into areas where they previously could not survive. This is another form of invasion, and understanding the factors controlling it is an important part of understanding the effects of climate change. On a positive note, when conservation efforts are successful, species previously eliminated from an area expand their ranges at speeds governed by the same invasion mechanisms.

该项目将开发和分析生物入侵模型，通过建立一个数学理论来描述种群在到达一个新地区时的反应。这一理论将提供衡量种群表现的方法，可以补充那些通常用来衡量种群生存能力的方法（例如，增长率和灭绝概率）。该理论将结合人口学（即，个体从一个生命周期阶段移动到另一个生命周期阶段的速率）和分散（即，个体在生命周期的每个阶段移动的倾向和方向和距离）。入侵是一个重要的问题。首先，入侵的有害物种具有巨大的环境和经济影响。问题不仅仅是农业；入侵物种的压力对世界各地的濒危特有物种造成了重大影响。了解决定入侵成功和速度的因素可以为管理策略提供重要的指导。其次，栖息地改变或气候变化的后果将是物种迁移到它们以前无法生存的地区。这是另一种形式的入侵，了解控制它的因素是理解气候变化影响的重要组成部分。积极的一面是，当保护工作取得成功时，以前在一个地区被消灭的物种会以同样的入侵机制控制的速度扩大它们的活动范围。