Discourses on War and Peace (1914/18-1939/1945)Munich between Cultural Pluralism and its Status as 'Capital of the NS-Movement'

在两次世界大战(1914-18年和1939-1945)期间，关于战争的论述不仅主导了私人和公共领域。它们还在很大程度上影响了两次世界大战期间的和平讨论。虽然战争经历可以在战争无可争辩的现实背景下分享，但两次世界大战期间并不是一次令人信服的和平经历，因为和平本身并不被认为是“真实的”。在公共领域内，为通过修改停火谈判的结果实现“真正的”和平而继续进行的论战仍在继续，这些讨论被概念化为“关于战争与和平的论述”，恢复了使第二次世界大战合法化和解释第二次世界大战的可能性，而第二次世界大战肯定会到来。然而，魏玛时代的这些理论建构并不一定是纳粹征服战争和后来的大屠杀的合法性。自2009年9月以来，这项研究项目一直成功地关注发生在慕尼黑的这些两次世界大战期间的话语之争的问题。在魏玛共和国的黄金时期，慕尼黑是宗教、文化、社会和政治层面上多元主义的首都。然而，与此同时，这座城市正被迫进入“希特勒民族运动之都(Hauptstadt Der Bewegung)”的地位。这个项目聚焦了巴伐利亚天主教徒的社会政治和意识形态定位，并放大了他们与其他忏悔、宗教和社会政治团体关于战争与和平的不同概念的关系。事实证明，这种方法非常有成效。该研究项目将按原定时间表在2013年秋季之前完成，因此在提交的赠款期限内完成。然而，最近和相当不可预测的是，新的和高度相关的原始材料已经被发现，并已向研究人员和公众开放。到目前为止，这些文件是完全未知的，必须整合到分析中，以确保项目结果是全面的。这些文件是慕尼黑大主教迈克尔·福尔哈伯红衣主教的“访客日志(Besucher-Tagebücher)”和他遗产中的其他重要材料。这项研究项目确定了红衣主教福尔哈伯是慕尼黑所有战争与和平话语中无可争议的关键人物。为了了解相关参与者的网络和这些辩论的主题，除了先前在2010-2013年供资期间第一个项目提案中提到的所有文件外，还必须对这些文件进行评估。因此，这项申请是将这一研究项目延长约两年的请求。

Discourses about war not only dominated private and public spheres during the two world wars (1914-18 and 1939-45). They also influenced to a great extent the peace discussions within the inter-war period.While war experiences could be shared against the background of the wars' indisputable reality, the inter-war period was not a convincingly communicated peace experience, because peace itself was not considered as "real". Within the public sphere, discourse battles continued in an effort to achieve a "real" peace by revising the conditions that were the result of ceasefire negotiations.These discussions, conceptualized as "Kriegsfriedensdiskurse (discourses on war and peace)", recovered the potential of legitimation and interpretation of a second World War that was only too sure to come. However, these theoretical constructions during the Weimar years were not necessarily legitimations of the Nazi war of conquest and of the Holocaust later on.Since September 2009, this research project has been successfully attending to the questions of these inter-war period battles of discourse as they occurred in Munich. Munich was a capital of pluralism on religious, cultural, societal, and political levels during the good, even golden years of the Weimar Republic. Nevertheless, the city was being forced into the status of "capital of Hitlers NS-movement (Hauptstadt der Bewegung)" at the same time. This project brings into focus the socio-political and ideological positioning of Bavarian Catholics and zooms in on their relationships to contrasting concepts of war and peace from other confessional, religious, and socio-political groups.This approach has proven to be extraordinarily fruitful and productive. The research project would have been completed according to its original schedule by autumn 2013 and therefore within the submitted grant period. However, recently and quite unpredictably, new and highly relevant source materials have been uncovered and have become accessible to researchers and the public. These are documents that until now were completely unknown and that must be integrated into the analysis to make sure that the outcome of the project is comprehensive.These documents are "visitors' logs (Besucher-Tagebücher)" that belonged to the archbishop of Munich Cardinal Michael Faulhaber and other important materials from his estate. This research project has identified Cardinal Faulhaber as the uncontested linchpin in all war-and-peace discourses in Munich. To comprehend the network of relevant participants and the topics of these debates, it is indispensable to evaluate these documents in addition to all the documents previously mentioned in the first project proposal for the funding period 2010-2013. Therefore, this application is a request to prolong this research project for ca. two years.