Severe Convective Storms and Tornadoes

强对流风暴和龙卷风

• 批准号: 0241037
• 负责人: Howard Bluestein
• 金额: $ 69.24万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-05-01 至 2007-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0241037&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Severe; Convective; Storms; Tornadoes

The main objective of this research project is to improve understanding of the genesis, and the kinematics and dynamics of severe convective storms and tornadoes. The objective will be met primarily through analysis of data collected in both prior and future field experiments and through numerical simulation experiments. Mobile Doppler radar datasets from field experiments will be analyzed to detail the structure and evolution of tornadoes and their parent vortices and the vertical circulation associated with the dryline, a feature along which severe convective storms are often initiated. In particular, why some supercell storms produce tornadoes, while others do not, will be investigated. The dynamics of convective-storm interaction and the role of the intersection of a dryline with a baroclinic boundary in triggering convective storms will be investigated using controlled numerical-model simulation experiments. In addition, two new radar systems will be tested for use in severe storm/tornado research: one is a mobile, rapidly scanning, phased-array Doppler radar; the other is an existing system that will be fitted with a spaced antennae, which could provide transverse-wind measurements in addition to line-of-sight wind measurements. A collaborator under another NSF award is developing these radar systems (Dr. Andrew Pazmany, ATM-0242166). If the new radar systems are successful, then much higher quality datasets will be available for analysis. It is anticipated that this project will ultimately lead to a more accurate prediction of severe weather events.

该研究项目的主要目的是提高对强对流风暴和龙卷风的成因、运动学和动力学的理解。该目标将主要通过分析在以前和将来的实地实验中收集的数据以及通过数值模拟实验来实现。将分析来自野外实验的移动多普勒雷达数据集，以详细分析龙卷风及其母涡的结构和演变，以及与干线相关的垂直环流，干线是强对流风暴经常开始的特征。特别是，为什么一些超级单体风暴会产生龙卷风，而另一些则不会，这将被调查。对流-风暴相互作用的动力学以及干线与斜压边界的交叉点在触发对流风暴中的作用将通过受控数值模式模拟实验进行研究。此外，将测试两种新型雷达系统，用于强风暴/龙卷风研究：一种是移动、快速扫描、相控阵多普勒雷达；另一个是一个现有的系统，它将安装一个间隔天线，除了提供视线风测量外，还可以提供横向风测量。另一项NSF奖励的合作者正在开发这些雷达系统（Andrew Pazmany博士，ATM-0242166）。如果新的雷达系统取得成功，那么将有更高质量的数据集可供分析。预计该项目最终将导致对恶劣天气事件的更准确预测。