Studies of Tornadoes and Severe Convective Storms

龙卷风和强对流风暴的研究

• 批准号: 1560945
• 负责人: Howard Bluestein
• 金额: $ 86万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1560945&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Studies; Tornadoes; Severe; Convective; Storms

This project seeks to improve our basic scientific understanding of severe convective storms and tornadoes by conducting small, annual field programs, testing out the latest, innovative observing instruments, and analyzing the data collected using these instruments and all other available data. New analysis techniques will be devised for the instruments, tested, and then applied to scientific studies.Intellectual Merit:In particular, it is to continue to study the structure and evolution of severe convective storms and tornadoes using rapidly scanning mobile Doppler radars, one of which has polarimetric capabilities, thus facilitating the identification of debris, the types of scatterers in the storms, and locating strong updrafts without the need for multiple radars. Rapid-scan radars are necessary because tornadoes evolve very quickly. It is also to continue to experiment with a pulsed Doppler lidar system, which has the potential for providing ultra-high vertical resolution of the wind field in the clear-air boundary layer in and near tornadoes and their parent storms. It is thought that the structure and behavior of the boundary layer are critical to the dynamics of tornadoes and severe convective storms.This proposal seeks to analyze existing data collected during previous grants and also to collect new datasets in the Plains of the U. S. during the spring. Owing to the unpredictable and highly variable nature of severe weather on inter-annual time scales, it is necessary to conduct field operations for a number of years to increase the chances for successful data collection.Broader Impacts:The results of this research have the potential to increase our skill in issuing more accurate short-term forecasts and more timely warnings of severe convective storms and tornadoes, thereby reducing the risk of death and injuries. A more detailed knowledge of the wind field in and near tornadoes has the potential to provide information to structural engineers that can lead to improved construction practices, thereby mitigating property damage. The educational impact of this project in mentoring graduate students in their studies, conducting field studies, learning to use state-of-the art instrumentation, analyzing data, and advancing our basic scientific knowledge, will contribute to providing the human capital for the next generation of forecasters, educators, and researchers in the U. S. What is learned from this research will be widely disseminated in scientific journals, made available to the general public via the media, and in the next generation of textbooks.

该项目致力于提高我们对强对流风暴和龙卷风的基本科学认识，方法是开展小型年度实地考察计划，测试最新的创新观测仪器，并分析使用这些仪器收集的数据和所有其他可用的数据。将为这些仪器设计新的分析技术，并进行测试，然后应用于科学研究。智力上的优点：特别是继续利用快速扫描的移动多普勒雷达研究强对流风暴和龙卷风的结构和演变，其中一种具有极化能力，从而便于识别碎片、风暴中散射体的类型，并在不需要多个雷达的情况下定位强上升气流。快速扫描雷达是必要的，因为龙卷风演变得非常快。它还将继续试验脉冲多普勒激光雷达系统，该系统有可能为龙卷风及其母风暴及其母风暴内和附近的晴空边界层中的风场提供超高垂直分辨率。边界层的结构和行为被认为对龙卷风和强对流风暴的动力学至关重要。这项建议试图分析在以前的拨款中收集的现有数据，并在春季收集美国平原的新数据集。由于恶劣天气在年际时间尺度上的不可预测性和高度多变性，有必要进行多年的实地作业，以增加成功收集数据的机会。广泛影响：这项研究的结果有可能提高我们发布更准确的短期预报和更及时的强对流风暴和龙卷风警报的技能，从而降低伤亡风险。对龙卷风及其附近的风场有更详细的了解，有可能为结构工程师提供信息，从而改进施工实践，从而减少财产损失。这个项目在指导研究生学习、进行实地研究、学习使用最先进的仪器、分析数据和提高我们的基本科学知识方面的教育影响，将有助于为美国的下一代预测者、教育工作者和研究人员提供人力资本。从这项研究中学到的东西将在科学期刊上广泛传播，通过媒体向公众提供，并在下一代教科书中提供。