Enhanced Radar Studies of Severe Convective Storms and Tornadoes

强对流风暴和龙卷风的增强雷达研究

• 批准号: 1947146
• 负责人: Howard Bluestein
• 金额: $ 57.57万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947146&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Enhanced; Radar; Studies; Severe; Convective

Tornadic winds loft various types of debris into the air, some of which is ingested into the tornado’s vortex. The debris is readily viewed by weather radar, but it complicates the remote measurements of tornadic winds near the ground. This research program will focus on separating debris motion from air motion in the near-surface tornado layer and investigate the relationship between tornado debris and the wind field. Research will also continue on various aspects of the steps that occur prior to the formation of a tornado. Better understanding of tornado debris has a potential impact on structural engineering and improved understanding of tornado development is important for short-term tornado forecasts. This award will also provide training for the next generation of research scientists.The research team will analyze existing radar data and execute new observations using the RaXPol radar in an attempt to separate debris motion from air motion in the tornado boundary layer. The researchers plan to test the hypothesis that air motion in the tornado boundary layer is truly convergent most of the time, not divergent as is the motion of the bulk of the scatterers owing to the centrifuging of the more massive scatterers. The goals of this aspect of the work are to determine whether the team can generate realistic radar returns using an LES-generated tornado with different types of debris and compare the signatures to RaXPol observations, and to determine if it is possible to use Doppler spectra to separate debris motion from air motion. The tornadogenesis work will involve the analysis of a set of tornado cases collected over the last decade with specific focus on sub-structures within supercells that have been documented by radar observations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

龙卷风将各种碎片抛向空中，其中一些碎片被吸入龙卷风的漩涡中。天气雷达可以很容易地看到碎片，但它使对地面附近龙卷风的远程测量变得复杂。这项研究计划将重点放在分离近地表龙卷层中的碎片运动和空气运动，并研究龙卷风碎片与风场的关系。还将继续研究龙卷风形成之前发生的步骤的各个方面。更好地了解龙卷风碎片对结构工程有潜在影响，更好地了解龙卷风的发展对于短期龙卷风预报很重要。该奖项还将为下一代研究科学家提供培训。研究小组将分析现有的雷达数据，并使用RaXPol雷达进行新的观测，试图将龙卷风边界层中的碎片运动与空气运动分开。研究人员计划测试这一假设，即龙卷风边界层中的空气运动在大多数时间是真正收敛的，而不是像由于更大质量散射体的离心力而导致的大部分散射体的运动是发散的。这方面工作的目标是确定该小组是否能够使用LES生成的具有不同类型碎片的龙卷风产生现实的雷达回波，并将信号与RaXPol的观测结果进行比较，并确定是否有可能使用多普勒频谱将碎片运动与空气运动分开。龙卷风发生的工作将涉及对过去十年收集的一组龙卷风案例的分析，特别关注雷达观测记录的超级单体内的子结构。这一裁决反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Science Applications of Phased Array Radars

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-21-0173.1
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: P. Kollias;R. Palmer;D. Bodine;T. Adachi;H. Bluestein;John Y. N. Cho;Casey B. Griffin;J. Houser;P. Kirstetter;M. Kumjian;J. Kurdzo;Wen-Chau Lee;E. Luke;S. Nesbitt;M. Oue;A. Shapiro;A. Rowe;J. Salazar;R. Tanamachi;Kristofer S. Tuftedal;Xuguang Wang;D. Zrnic;Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras

Analysis of Debris Signature Characteristics and Evolution in the 24 May 2016 Dodge City, Kansas, Tornadoes

2016 年 5 月 24 日堪萨斯州道奇城龙卷风碎片特征和演变分析

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0162.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Wienhoff, Zachary B.;Bluestein, Howard B.;Reif, Dylan W.;Wakimoto, Roger M.;Wicker, Louis J.;Kurdzo, James M.
• 通讯作者: Kurdzo, James M.

Estimating the Maximum Vertical Velocity at the Leading Edge of a Density Current

估计密度电流前沿的最大垂直速度

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0028.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Reif, Dylan W.;Bluestein, Howard B.;Weckwerth, Tammy M.;Wienhoff, Zachary B.;Chasteen, Manda B.
• 通讯作者: Chasteen, Manda B.

Rapid-Scan and Polarimetric Radar Observations of the Dissipation of a Violent Tornado on 9 May 2016 near Sulphur, Oklahoma

2016 年 5 月 9 日俄克拉荷马州萨尔弗附近猛烈龙卷风消散的快速扫描和偏振雷达观测

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0033.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: McKeown, Katherine E.;French, Michael M.;Tuftedal, Kristofer S.;Kingfield, Darrel M.;Bluestein, Howard B.;Reif, Dylan W.;Wienhoff, Zachary B.
• 通讯作者: Wienhoff, Zachary B.

Examining the Relationship between Tropopause Polar Vortices and Tornado Outbreaks

• DOI: 10.1175/waf-d-21-0058.1
• 发表时间: 2021-10-01
• 期刊: WEATHER AND FORECASTING
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Bray, Matthew T.;Cavallo, Steven M.;Bluestein, Howard B.
• 通讯作者: Bluestein, Howard B.