Enhanced Radar Studies of Severe Convective Storms and Tornadoes

强对流风暴和龙卷风的增强雷达研究

• 批准号: 1947146
• 负责人: Howard Bluestein
• 金额: $ 57.57万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947146&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Enhanced; Radar; Studies; Severe; Convective

Tornadic winds loft various types of debris into the air, some of which is ingested into the tornado’s vortex. The debris is readily viewed by weather radar, but it complicates the remote measurements of tornadic winds near the ground. This research program will focus on separating debris motion from air motion in the near-surface tornado layer and investigate the relationship between tornado debris and the wind field. Research will also continue on various aspects of the steps that occur prior to the formation of a tornado. Better understanding of tornado debris has a potential impact on structural engineering and improved understanding of tornado development is important for short-term tornado forecasts. This award will also provide training for the next generation of research scientists.The research team will analyze existing radar data and execute new observations using the RaXPol radar in an attempt to separate debris motion from air motion in the tornado boundary layer. The researchers plan to test the hypothesis that air motion in the tornado boundary layer is truly convergent most of the time, not divergent as is the motion of the bulk of the scatterers owing to the centrifuging of the more massive scatterers. The goals of this aspect of the work are to determine whether the team can generate realistic radar returns using an LES-generated tornado with different types of debris and compare the signatures to RaXPol observations, and to determine if it is possible to use Doppler spectra to separate debris motion from air motion. The tornadogenesis work will involve the analysis of a set of tornado cases collected over the last decade with specific focus on sub-structures within supercells that have been documented by radar observations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Tornadic Wind将各种类型的调试带入空中，其中一些被摄入到龙卷风的漩涡中。天气雷达很容易查看碎屑，但它符合地面附近龙卷风的远程测量。该研究计划将着重于将调试运动与近地面龙卷风层中的空气运动分开，并研究龙卷风碎片与风场之间的关系。研究还将继续研究龙卷风形成之前发生的步骤的各个方面。更好地了解龙卷风碎片对结构工程有潜在的影响，并改善对龙卷风发展的理解对于短期龙卷风森林很重要。该奖项还将为下一代研究科学家提供培训。研究团队将分析现有的RADIAR数据，并使用Raxpol雷达执行新的观察结果，以尝试将调试运动与龙卷风边界层中的空气运动分开。研究人员计划检验以下假设：龙卷风边界层中的空气运动在大多数情况下确实是收敛的，而不是由于较大散射器的离心散发而不是散射器的运动。工作的这一方面的目标是确定团队是否可以使用具有不同类型的碎屑的LES生成的龙卷风来产生逼真的雷达回报，并将签名与Raxpol观测值进行比较，并确定是否可以使用多普勒光谱将Doppler Spectra与空气运动分开。龙卷风生成工作将涉及对过去十年收集的一组龙卷风案件的分析，并特别关注雷达观察结果已记录的超级细胞中的子结构。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响来评估的，并被认为是珍贵的支持。

项目成果

Science Applications of Phased Array Radars

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-21-0173.1
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: P. Kollias;R. Palmer;D. Bodine;T. Adachi;H. Bluestein;John Y. N. Cho;Casey B. Griffin;J. Houser;P. Kirstetter;M. Kumjian;J. Kurdzo;Wen-Chau Lee;E. Luke;S. Nesbitt;M. Oue;A. Shapiro;A. Rowe;J. Salazar;R. Tanamachi;Kristofer S. Tuftedal;Xuguang Wang;D. Zrnic;Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras

Analysis of Debris Signature Characteristics and Evolution in the 24 May 2016 Dodge City, Kansas, Tornadoes

2016 年 5 月 24 日堪萨斯州道奇城龙卷风碎片特征和演变分析

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0162.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Wienhoff, Zachary B.;Bluestein, Howard B.;Reif, Dylan W.;Wakimoto, Roger M.;Wicker, Louis J.;Kurdzo, James M.
• 通讯作者: Kurdzo, James M.

Estimating the Maximum Vertical Velocity at the Leading Edge of a Density Current

估计密度电流前沿的最大垂直速度

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0028.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Reif, Dylan W.;Bluestein, Howard B.;Weckwerth, Tammy M.;Wienhoff, Zachary B.;Chasteen, Manda B.
• 通讯作者: Chasteen, Manda B.

Examining the Relationship between Tropopause Polar Vortices and Tornado Outbreaks

• DOI: 10.1175/waf-d-21-0058.1
• 发表时间: 2021-10-01
• 期刊: WEATHER AND FORECASTING
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Bray, Matthew T.;Cavallo, Steven M.;Bluestein, Howard B.
• 通讯作者: Bluestein, Howard B.

Rapid-Scan and Polarimetric Radar Observations of the Dissipation of a Violent Tornado on 9 May 2016 near Sulphur, Oklahoma

2016 年 5 月 9 日俄克拉荷马州萨尔弗附近猛烈龙卷风消散的快速扫描和偏振雷达观测

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0033.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: McKeown, Katherine E.;French, Michael M.;Tuftedal, Kristofer S.;Kingfield, Darrel M.;Bluestein, Howard B.;Reif, Dylan W.;Wienhoff, Zachary B.
• 通讯作者: Wienhoff, Zachary B.