Analysis of phylogenetic relationships of Hordeum (Poaceae) polyploids

多倍性，也就是整个基因组的复制，是创造植物生物多样性的一个非常重要的机制。在大麦属中，大约一半的分类群是多倍体，大多数是异源多倍体，其基因组来自两个或三个不同的亲本物种。虽然二倍体类群的系统发育关系的一个很好的假设已经存在，多倍体的信息很少。了解一个群体的进化史对于进一步分析进化或生态过程是必不可少的。在拟议的项目中，我将分析大麦的物种关系与三个单拷贝核标记位点的克隆PCR产物的测序这些地区，并使用系统发育分析算法。对于某些多倍体群体，将进行详细的研究，包括序列分析和基因组原位杂交（GISH）。这项工作将导致更好地了解这一重要的草属，将建立新的标记区域在草或至少在小麦族系统学，提供多倍体起源的约会，并将允许进一步分析基因组和生态变化后或与多倍体化。

Polyploidy, this means the duplication of entire genomes, is a very important mechanism creating biodiversity in plants. Within the barley genus Hordeum about half of the taxa are polyploids, mostly allopolyploids combining genomes from two or three different parental species. While for the diploid taxa a good hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships already exists, for polyploids few information is available. Knowledge of the phylogeny of a group is indispensable for further analyses of evolutionary or ecological processes. Within the proposed project I will analyze species relationships in Hordeum with three single copy nuclear marker loci by sequencing of cloned PCR products of these regions and using phylogenetic analysis algorithms. For some polyploid groups in-detail studies will be conducted including sequence analysis and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The work will result in a better understanding of this important grass genus, will establish new markers regions useful in grass or at least in Triticeae systematics, provide dating of polyploid origins, and will allow further analyses of genomic and ecological changes after or connected with polyploidization.