Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships between the omon and Yayoi poputations through mitochondrial DNA sequence

人类线粒体基因组（mtDNA）的变异现在被用来推断人类的历史，方法是对部分d环区进行测序。我们从绳纹人和弥生人的骨骼遗骸中提取了DNA，并通过PCR扩增，确定了其mtDNA D-loop区域的核苷酸序列。将所得数据与之前的mtDNA数据相结合，分析了总计95个mtDNA序列，以估计绳纹人和弥生人之间的关系，并将这些序列与现代东亚人群进行了比较。从古代骨骼材料中提取的DNA分析结果显示，绳纹人与日本大陆人、琉球人、阿伊努人、韩半岛人、蒙古人、布里亚特人有密切的亲缘关系，但与太平洋人几乎没有联系。此外，弥生人与阿伊努人或琉球人没有密切的关系，而是与朝鲜半岛、中国南方和日本大陆等地的人有密切的关系。根据对现代mtDNA进行分析的假设，日本本土人的遗传特征有很大一部分是弥生时代以后从亚洲大陆来到海外的人的结果。本研究的结果与从现代样本中提取的假设不一致。

Variation in the human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is now used to infer the histories of peoples, by means of the sequencing of parts of the D-loop region. We extracted DNA from the Jomon and Yayoi skeletal remains and, through PCR amplification, determined nucleotide sequences of their mtDNA D-loop region. The resulting data were combined with previous mtDNA data, a total of 95 mtDNA sequences were analyzed in order to estimate the relationships between Jomon and Yayoi people, and compared these sequences with modern east Asian populations. The analysis of DNA extracted from ancient skeletal materials has demonstrated that the Jomon people were closely related to mainland Japanese, Ryukyuans, Ainu, the people of the Korean Peninsula, Mongolian, and Buriat but almost no connection to Pacific people. Additionally, it has been shown that the Yayoi people did not have a close relationship to the Ainu or Ryukyu people, but instead held a close relationship to the people of the Korean Peninsula, Southern China, and mainland Japan, among others. According to a hypothesis based on analysis of modern mtDNA, a large portion of the genetic character of the mainland Japanese is the result of people coming overseas from the Asian continent after the Yayoi period. The result of this study is not consistent with the hypothesis extracted from modern sample.