Biogeographical dynamics of plant taxa and climate-landscape history of the Eurasian steppe belt: Genes documenting history.

欧亚草原带植物类群的生物地理动力学和气候景观历史：记录历史的基因。

• 批准号: 317470592
• 负责人: Dr. Frank R. Blattner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/317470592?language=en
• 关键词: Biogeographical; dynamics; plant; taxa; climate

The Eurasian steppe, consisting of the Euro-Siberian part in the west and the Mongol-Chinese part in the east, is the largest steppe region in the Northern Hemisphere. It stretches across 8000 km between the Hungarian basin and the Amur and has some smaller exclaves in Middle Europe and northeastern Asia. Based mainly on macrofossils of vertebrates it is assumed that the formation of the steppe started in the Lower Miocene in Asia and extended westwards in the Middle to Upper Mio¬cene, so that a continuous steppe belt was probably present at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, latest at the end of the Pliocene. Pristine steppe habitats were widely transformed into agricultural landscapes, while secondary steppe originated in Europe after opening of the dominating forests due to human influence. We propose to apply phylogeographic and biogeographic methods on typical and widespread steppe in-dicator species to understand the geographic origin and the climate-landscape history of the Eurasian steppe belt. Our focal point is the western Eurasian steppe belt, which is the Euro-Siberian steppe. Especially during the Quaternary climate macro-cycles, the steppe faced extensive range shift, range contractions and expansions. We intend to comparatively analyze 15 diverse plant species/species groups with molecular-systematics methods (sequencing of nuclear genes, and genome-wide SNP analysis through GBS) and analyze the data with phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods (dated phylogenies, Bayesian and maximum-likelihood methods on biogeography reconstruction). Thus we want to trace past and ongoing in-situ evolution in expanding and/or subdividing steppe habitats, as well as identify times of intense speciation (or lack thereof) due to climate or geographical changes or stasis, influencing western Eurasia from Miocene till present.

欧亚草原是北半球最大的草原地区，由西部的欧洲-西伯利亚部分和东部的蒙古-中国部分组成。它在匈牙利盆地和阿穆尔河之间绵延8000公里，在中欧和东北亚有一些较小的飞地。主要根据大型脊椎动物化石，认为亚洲草原的形成始于中新世下，在中新世中上中新世向西扩展，因此在中新世/上新世交界可能存在连续的草原带，最晚在上新世末期。原始草原生境被广泛转化为农业景观，而次生草原则起源于欧洲，是由于人类的影响，主导森林被开辟后形成的。我们建议运用系统地理学和生物地理学方法对典型和广泛分布的草原指示物种进行研究，以了解欧亚草原带的地理起源和气候景观历史。我们的重点是欧亚西部草原带，即欧洲-西伯利亚草原。特别是在第四纪气候宏观旋回期间，草原面临着广泛的范围移动、范围收缩和扩展。我们打算用分子系统学方法（核基因测序和GBS全基因组SNP分析）对15个不同的植物种/种群进行比较分析，并用系统发育和系统地理方法（年代系统发生、贝叶斯和生物地理重建的最大似然方法）对数据进行分析。因此，我们想要追踪过去和正在进行的草原栖息地扩张和/或细分的原位进化，并确定由于气候或地理变化或停滞而导致的物种形成（或缺乏物种形成）激烈的时期，从中新世到现在影响欧亚大陆西部。