The Origins of Domesticity in the Late Upper Paleolithic: The Use of GIS Spatial Analysis at the French Magdalenian Site of Verberie

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，Ezra Zubrow和Scott Branting将分析巴黎盆地韦尔贝里马格达林遗址的八个占领层的空间组织。 他们将与一个由Francoise Andouze（CNRS）和Jim Encourage（U爱荷华州）领导的国际研究团队合作。 韦尔贝里是例外的原因有很多。 最重要的是，这些数据在非常精细的规模上具有出色的质量，因为一个研究人员- Andouze -在1975年至2002年期间连续挖掘该遗址。 由此产生的数据集定位了超过150，000个工件，从八个职业水平到最近的0.25厘米。 韦尔贝里可能会揭示巴黎盆地旧石器时代晚期的人们是如何组织他们的社区的。 定期的洪水淹没遗址，保留了韦尔贝里居民在日常活动中留下的图案。 韦尔贝里提供了一个机会，以确定核心家庭单位和观察社区结构的变化之间的不同职业的网站。 该项目将是迄今为止对旧石器时代遗址进行的最广泛的分析，也是有史以来分辨率最高的挖掘之一。新的方法和工具将用于韦尔贝里的空间分析。地理信息系统（GIS）是最强大的工具之一，采用各种非常合适的方法进行空间分析。该小组将构建一个包含所有人工制品的位置和描述信息的GIS数据库，并将复杂的场地内空间分析方法应用于数据集（位置聚类分析-核密度估计; Whallon和Djindjian类组成分析-无约束）。 这些方法应显示八个占用楼层中每个楼层的活动区域。 从空间分析的第II.1级（最近的占领地板）的初步结果显示三个结构和几个炉膛，以及显着的聚类和相关性的许多工件和工具类型的活动领域。 使用各种人种学和考古模型的狩猎采集网站结构，将得出有关网站的行为组织和居住者的社会关系的结论。特别是，该项目旨在测试一个核心家庭面积模型及其与社区自治的起源和发展的相关性，这项研究既有学术价值，又有广泛的潜在影响。 其学术价值在于，这是第一个将新的、复杂的空间分析方法应用于家庭生活起源和社区起源的研究。它公开了一组新的数据（韦尔贝里），以及一个技术熟练的国际学者团队的解释和分析。 这项研究的潜在影响是，它探讨了社区和自治性的起源和发展，社会的基石。它增强了我们对自己的科学认识。 研究结果将在大西洋两岸广泛传播，以通过一个专门的网站、会议和与国家科学研究中心合作的出版物时间表促进科学和技术的了解。最后，该项目将有助于激励本科生参与者，并建立参与研究和传播结果的研究生的学术生涯。

With National Science Foundation support, Ezra Zubrow and Scott Branting will analyze spatial organization in the eight occupation levels of the Magdalenian site of Verberie in the Paris Basin. They will collaborate with an international team of researchers headed by Francoise Andouze (CNRS) and Jim Enloe (U Iowa). Verberie is exceptional for many reasons. Foremost, the data are of excellent quality on a very fine scale because a single researcher - Andouze - excavated the site continuously between 1975 and 2002. The resulting dataset locates more than 150,000 artifacts from eight occupation levels to the nearest 0.25 centimeters. Verberie potentially will reveal how people organized their communities in the Upper Palaeolithic of the Paris Basin. Regular flooding of the site preserved the patterns left by Verberie's residents during their daily activities. Verberie provides an opportunity to identify nuclear family units and observe changes in community structure between the different occupations of the site. This project will be the most extensive analysis done to date, on one of the highest-resolution excavations ever done of a Palaeolithic site.New methods and tools will be used in the spatial analysis of Verberie. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is one of the most powerful tools, employing a variety of very appropriate methods for spatial analysis. The team will construct a GIS database containing locational and descriptive information on all of the artifacts, and apply sophisticated intra-site spatial analysis methods to the dataset (locational cluster analysis - kernel density estimation; and Whallon's and Djindjian Class Composition analyses - unconstrained). These methods should reveal activity areas on each of the eight occupation floors. Initial results from spatial analysis of level II.1 (the most recent occupation floor) show three structures and several hearths, as well as significant clustering of and correlations between the many artifact and tool types in the activity areas. Using various ethnographic and archaeological models of hunter-gatherer site structure, conclusions will be drawn about the behavioral organization of the site and the social relations of the occupants. In particular, the project aims to test a nuclear family area model and its relevance to the origins and development of communal domesticity.This study has both intellectual merit and a broad potential impact. The intellectual merit is that this is the first study to apply new and sophisticated spatial analysis methods to the origins of domestic life and the origins of community. It makes public a new set of data (Verberie), as well as the interpretations and analyses of a technically proficient international team of scholars. The potential impact of the research is that it explores the origin and development of community and domesticity, the building blocks of society. It thus enhances our scientific understanding of ourselves. The results will be disseminated broadly on both sides of the Atlantic to promote scientific and technological understanding via a specific website, conference and publication schedule in conjunction with CNRS. Finally, the project will help to inspire undergraduate student participants, and establish the scholarly careers of the graduate students participating in the research and the dissemination of the results.